The proximal origin of SARS-CoV-2.
Kristian G. Andersen,Kristian G. Andersen,Andrew Rambaut,W. Ian Lipkin,Edward C. Holmes,Robert F. Garry +5 more
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TLDR
It is shown that SARS-CoV-2 is not a laboratory construct or a purposefully manipulated virus, and scenarios by which they could have arisen are discussed.Abstract:
SARS-CoV-2 is the seventh coronavirus known to infect humans; SARSCoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 can cause severe disease, whereas HKU1, NL63, OC43 and 229E are associated with mild symptoms6. Here we review what can be deduced about the origin of SARS-CoV-2 from comparative analysis of genomic data. We offer a perspective on the notable features of the SARS-CoV-2 genome and discuss scenarios by which they could have arisen. Our analyses clearly show that SARS-CoV-2 is not a laboratory construct or a purposefully manipulated virus.read more
Citations
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COVID-19 and Cardiovascular Disease.
Kevin J. Clerkin,Justin Fried,Jayant Raikhelkar,Gabriel Sayer,Jan M. Griffin,Amirali Masoumi,Sneha S. Jain,Daniel Burkhoff,Deepa Kumaraiah,Le Roy E. Rabbani,Allan Schwartz,Nir Uriel +11 more
TL;DR: COVID-19 poses a challenge for heart transplantation, affecting donor selection, immunosuppression, and posttransplant management, and there are a number of promising therapies under active investigation to treat and prevent the disease.
Journal ArticleDOI
SARS-CoV-2 productively infects human gut enterocytes.
Mart M. Lamers,Joep Beumer,Jelte van der Vaart,Kèvin Knoops,Jens Puschhof,Tim I Breugem,Raimond B. G. Ravelli,J. Paul van Schayck,Anna Z Mykytyn,Hans Duimel,Elly van Donselaar,Samra Riesebosch,Helma J.H. Kuijpers,Debby Schipper,Willine J. van de Wetering,Miranda de Graaf,Marion Koopmans,Edwin Cuppen,Peter J. Peters,Bart L. Haagmans,Hans Clevers +20 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that intestinal organoids can serve as a model to understand SARS-CoV-2 biology and infectivity in the gut, and hSIOs serve as an experimental model for coronavirus infection and biology.
Journal ArticleDOI
SARS-CoV-2 Reverse Genetics Reveals a Variable Infection Gradient in the Respiratory Tract.
Yixuan J. Hou,Kenichi Okuda,Caitlin E. Edwards,David R. Martinez,Takanori Asakura,Kenneth H. Dinnon,Takafumi Kato,Rhianna E. Lee,Boyd Yount,Teresa M. Mascenik,Gang Chen,Kenneth N. Olivier,Andrew J. Ghio,Longping V. Tse,Sarah R. Leist,Lisa E. Gralinski,Alexandra Schäfer,Hong Dang,Rodney C. Gilmore,Satoko Nakano,Ling Sun,M. Leslie Fulcher,Alessandra Livraghi-Butrico,Nathan I. Nicely,Mark J. Cameron,Cheryl M. Cameron,David J. Kelvin,David J. Kelvin,Aravinda M. de Silva,David M. Margolis,Alena J. Markmann,Luther A. Bartelt,Ross E. Zumwalt,Fernando J. Martinez,Steven P. Salvatore,Alain C. Borczuk,Purushothama Rao Tata,Vishwaraj Sontake,Adam J. Kimple,Ilona Jaspers,Wanda K. O'Neal,Scott H. Randell,Richard C. Boucher,Ralph S. Baric +43 more
TL;DR: The nasal susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 with likely subsequent aspiration-mediated virus seeding to the lung in SARS/COVID-19 pathogenesis is highlighted and reagents provide a foundation for investigations into virus-host interactions in protective immunity, host susceptibility, and virus pathogenesis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 entry into cells.
TL;DR: In this article, structural and cellular foundations for understanding the multistep SARS-CoV-2 entry process, including S protein synthesis, S protein structure, conformational transitions necessary for association of the spike (S) protein with ACE2, engagement of the receptor-binding domain of the S protein with ACS, proteolytic activation of S protein, endocytosis and membrane fusion are provided.
Journal ArticleDOI
COVID-19 and cardiovascular disease: from basic mechanisms to clinical perspectives.
TL;DR: The interaction between the viral spike protein and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, which triggers entry of the virus into host cells, is likely to be involved in the cardiovascular manifestations of COVID-19.
References
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Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China
Chaolin Huang,Yeming Wang,Xingwang Li,Lili Ren,Jianping Zhao,Yi Hu,Li Zhang,Guohui Fan,Jiuyang Xu,Xiaoying Gu,Zhenshun Cheng,Ting Yu,Jia'an Xia,Yuan Wei,Wenjuan Wu,Xuelei Xie,Wen Yin,Li Hui,Min Liu,Yan Xiao,Hong Gao,Li Guo,Jungang Xie,Guang-Fa Wang,Rongmeng Jiang,Zhancheng Gao,Qi Jin,Jianwei Wang,Bin Cao +28 more
TL;DR: The epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics and treatment and clinical outcomes of patients with laboratory-confirmed 2019-nCoV infection in Wuhan, China, were reported.
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A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin
Peng Zhou,Xing-Lou Yang,Xian Guang Wang,Ben Hu,Lei Zhang,Wei Zhang,Hao Rui Si,Yan Zhu,Bei Li,Chao Lin Huang,Hui-Dong Chen,Jing Chen,Yun Luo,Hua Guo,Ren Di Jiang,Meiqin Liu,Ying Chen,Xu Rui Shen,Xi Wang,Xiao Shuang Zheng,Kai Zhao,Quanjiao Chen,Fei Deng,Lin Lin Liu,Bing Yan,Fa Xian Zhan,Yan-Yi Wang,Gengfu Xiao,Zhengli Shi +28 more
TL;DR: Identification and characterization of a new coronavirus (2019-nCoV), which caused an epidemic of acute respiratory syndrome in humans in Wuhan, China, and it is shown that this virus belongs to the species of SARSr-CoV, indicates that the virus is related to a bat coronav virus.
Journal ArticleDOI
A new coronavirus associated with human respiratory disease in China.
Fan Wu,Su Zhao,Bin Yu,Yan-Mei Chen,Wen Wang,Zhi gang Song,Yi Hu,Zhao Wu Tao,Jun Hua Tian,Yuan Yuan Pei,Ming Li Yuan,Yu Ling Zhang,Fa Hui Dai,Yi Liu,Qi Min Wang,Jiao Jiao Zheng,Lin Xu,Edward C. Holmes,Edward C. Holmes,Yong-Zhen Zhang,Yong-Zhen Zhang +20 more
TL;DR: Phylogenetic and metagenomic analyses of the complete viral genome of a new coronavirus from the family Coronaviridae reveal that the virus is closely related to a group of SARS-like coronaviruses found in bats in China.
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An interactive web-based dashboard to track COVID-19 in real time.
TL;DR: The outbreak of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has induced a considerable degree of fear, emotional stress and anxiety among individuals around the world.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation.
Daniel Wrapp,Nianshuang Wang,Kizzmekia S. Corbett,Jory A. Goldsmith,Ching-Lin Hsieh,Olubukola M. Abiona,Barney S. Graham,Jason S. McLellan +7 more
TL;DR: The authors show that this protein binds at least 10 times more tightly than the corresponding spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)–CoV to their common host cell receptor, and test several published SARS-CoV RBD-specific monoclonal antibodies found that they do not have appreciable binding to 2019-nCoV S, suggesting that antibody cross-reactivity may be limited between the two RBDs.
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