The proximal origin of SARS-CoV-2.
Kristian G. Andersen,Kristian G. Andersen,Andrew Rambaut,W. Ian Lipkin,Edward C. Holmes,Robert F. Garry +5 more
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TLDR
It is shown that SARS-CoV-2 is not a laboratory construct or a purposefully manipulated virus, and scenarios by which they could have arisen are discussed.Abstract:
SARS-CoV-2 is the seventh coronavirus known to infect humans; SARSCoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 can cause severe disease, whereas HKU1, NL63, OC43 and 229E are associated with mild symptoms6. Here we review what can be deduced about the origin of SARS-CoV-2 from comparative analysis of genomic data. We offer a perspective on the notable features of the SARS-CoV-2 genome and discuss scenarios by which they could have arisen. Our analyses clearly show that SARS-CoV-2 is not a laboratory construct or a purposefully manipulated virus.read more
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The trinity of COVID-19: immunity, inflammation and intervention.
Matthew Zirui Tay,Chek Meng Poh,Laurent Rénia,Laurent Rénia,Paul A. MacAry,Lisa F. P. Ng,Lisa F. P. Ng,Lisa F. P. Ng +7 more
TL;DR: The interaction of SARS-CoV-2 with the immune system and the subsequent contribution of dysfunctional immune responses to disease progression is described and the implications of these approaches for potential therapeutic interventions that target viral infection and/or immunoregulation are highlighted.
Journal ArticleDOI
Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19
TL;DR: The basic virology of SARS-CoV-2 is described, including genomic characteristics and receptor use, highlighting its key difference from previously known coronaviruses.
Features, Evaluation and Treatment Coronavirus (COVID-19)
TL;DR: The effects of the epidemic caused by the new CoV has yet to emerge as the situation is quickly evolving, and world governments are at work to establish countermeasures to stem possible devastating effects.
Journal ArticleDOI
Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Infections in Engineered Human Tissues Using Clinical-Grade Soluble Human ACE2.
Vanessa Monteil,Hyesoo Kwon,Patrícia Rezende do Prado,Astrid Hagelkruys,Reiner A. Wimmer,Martin Stahl,Alexandra Leopoldi,Elena Garreta,Carmen Hurtado del Pozo,Felipe Prosper,Juan P. Romero,Gerald Wirnsberger,Haibo Zhang,Arthur S. Slutsky,Ryan K. Conder,Nuria Montserrat,Ali Mirazimi,Ali Mirazimi,Josef M. Penninger,Josef M. Penninger +19 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that hrsACE2 can significantly block early stages of SARS-CoV-2 infections, and is proposed that inhibiting this interaction might be used in treating patients with COVID-19.
Journal ArticleDOI
Deep Mutational Scanning of SARS-CoV-2 Receptor Binding Domain Reveals Constraints on Folding and ACE2 Binding.
Tyler N. Starr,Allison J. Greaney,Allison J. Greaney,Sarah K Hilton,Sarah K Hilton,Daniel Ellis,Katharine H.D. Crawford,Katharine H.D. Crawford,Adam S. Dingens,Mary Jane Navarro,John E. Bowen,M. Alejandra Tortorici,Alexandra C. Walls,Neil P. King,David Veesler,Jesse D. Bloom,Jesse D. Bloom,Jesse D. Bloom +17 more
TL;DR: It is found that a substantial number of mutations to the RBD are well tolerated or even enhance ACE2 binding, including at ACE2 interface residues that vary across SARS-related coronaviruses.
References
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Origin and evolution of pathogenic coronaviruses
Jie Cui,Fang Li,Zhengli Shi +2 more
TL;DR: The viral factors that enabled the emergence of diseases such as severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome are explored and the diversity and potential of bat-borne coronaviruses are highlighted.
Journal ArticleDOI
Receptor Recognition by the Novel Coronavirus from Wuhan: an Analysis Based on Decade-Long Structural Studies of SARS Coronavirus.
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Journal ArticleDOI
Isolation and characterization of a bat SARS-like coronavirus that uses the ACE2 receptor
Xing-Yi Ge,Jia Lu Li,Xing-Lou Yang,Aleksei A. Chmura,Guangjian Zhu,Jonathan H. Epstein,Jonna A. K. Mazet,Ben Hu,Wei Zhang,Cheng Peng,Yu Ji Zhang,Chu Ming Luo,Bing Tan,Ning Wang,Yan Zhu,Gary Crameri,Shuyi Zhang,Lin-Fa Wang,Lin-Fa Wang,Peter Daszak,Zhengli Shi +20 more
TL;DR: These results provide the strongest evidence to date that Chinese horseshoe bats are natural reservoirs of SARS-CoV, and that intermediate hosts may not be necessary for direct human infection by some bat SL-CoVs, and highlight the importance of pathogen-discovery programs targeting high-risk wildlife groups in emerging disease hotspots.
Journal ArticleDOI
COVID-19 and Cardiovascular Disease.
Kevin J. Clerkin,Justin Fried,Jayant Raikhelkar,Gabriel Sayer,Jan M. Griffin,Amirali Masoumi,Sneha S. Jain,Daniel Burkhoff,Deepa Kumaraiah,Le Roy E. Rabbani,Allan Schwartz,Nir Uriel +11 more
TL;DR: COVID-19 poses a challenge for heart transplantation, affecting donor selection, immunosuppression, and posttransplant management, and there are a number of promising therapies under active investigation to treat and prevent the disease.
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