Conservatoire national des arts et métiers

About: Conservatoire national des arts et métiers is a education organization based out in Paris, France. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 3573 authors who have published 7127 publications receiving 141430 citations. The organization is also known as: CNAM & Conservatoire des arts et métiers.

Coupling published pedotransfer functions for the estimation of bulk density and saturated hydraulic conductivity in stony soils

Abstract: Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) is one of the key parameters in the design of engineering and environmental structures built in the unsaturated zone for infiltration purpose. Unfortunately, its field determination is laborious and expensive and suffers non-uniqueness. Besides, pedotransfer functions (PTFs) have been established to translate some measured soil matrix properties such as bulk density, organic matter and soil texture into Ks. Especially when the soil is heterogeneous, these PTFs may exhibit large differences between the matrix-predicted and in situ measured Ks. Moreover, there is no published PTF to predict Ks in stony soils. In this study, the objective is to estimate Ks in heterogeneous stony soils by combining already published PTFs. A methodology has been developed to evaluate the performance of the combinations often published PTFs predicting Ks from bulk density in fine soil matrix (BDmo) with thirty two published PTFs predicting BDmo from the soil matrix texture properties. These 320 combined functions are likely to allow finding a correct estimation of Ks in most of fine soils but not in stony soils. To test this assumption, in situ Ks measurements with a Guelph permeameter and matrix texture and organic matter determinations in laboratory were carried out in a stony soil (colluvium from limestone). The magnitudes of measured Ks are much higher than the values predicted for the given texture of the matrix by 320 combined functions. This suggests that the rock fragment fraction in the soil plays an important role in accelerating the evacuation of water by increasing the cinematic porosity. Then, the empirical relation of Torn et al. (1994) is used to take into account this additional porosity within the real bulk density of the soil matrix. The retention capacity of the stony soil is controlled by the matrix content, which provides for a relation between rock fragment content and residual water content. Finally, six combined functions transformed by the Torri's relation are selected which predict Ks for a stony soil. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Reduction of PAPR for FBMC-OQAM systems using dispersive SLM technique

Abstract: The Filter Bank Multi-Carrier (FBMC) based systems are being seriously considered for 5G Radio Access Technology (RAT). As FBMC-OQAM is a multi-carrier technique, it suffers from the high Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) and directly applying the PAPR reduction schemes proposed for OFDM to FBMC-OQAM turns out to be ineffective, due to its overlapping structure. In this paper, a scheme named as Dispersive Selective Mapping (DSLM) is proposed, which is an extended and generalized version of Overlapped Selective Mapping (OSLM). Simulation results show that performance of this method is very closely trailing to that of OFDM.

Enabling safety: issues in design and continuous design

Abstract: The communication considers the necessary conditions for the production of reliability and safety during and after design. After a brief reminder of the nature of design processes, it is argued that this production depends on the way the system design process is conducted, and in particular on the extent to which end users are involved in the design process. However, one thing is to design for safety, another thing is to make sure that, over time, systems continue to function safely. Systems are unstable and evolve after their implementation. The next part thus considers these evolutions (and in particular the migration effects) and the way in which negative effects of migrations on safety can be prevented. The development model proposed by Amartya Sen and its implications for the design of safety enabling environments are then presented.