Conservatoire national des arts et métiers

About: Conservatoire national des arts et métiers is a education organization based out in Paris, France. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 3573 authors who have published 7127 publications receiving 141430 citations. The organization is also known as: CNAM & Conservatoire des arts et métiers.

Cumulative and bidirectional association of physical activity and sedentary behaviour with health-related quality of life in adolescents.

Abstract: The directionality of the association of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) remains unknown in adolescents. This study aimed to investigate the association of 2-year cumulative level of PA and SB with HRQoL and the reverse association. We included 1445 adolescents in France from a 2-year longitudinal study with three follow-up times (PRALIMAP trial). At each follow-up, adolescents completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire for PA and SB and the Duke Health Profile for HRQoL. Statistical analyses involved linear and logistic regressions adjusted for socio-demographic characteristics. The cumulative number of times an adolescent achieved the PA recommendations during the 2 years was associated with better physical, mental, social and general HRQoL (p for trend <0.0001). In contrast, high SB predicted low HRQoL for most dimensions except social HRQoL (p = 0.12). Combining PA and SB, the effect of recommended PA on HRQoL was offset in part by high SB. In the reverse association, high HRQoL predicted high PA (overall, vigorous, moderate and recommended PA), but was not associated with SB. The association between PA and HRQoL was cumulative and bidirectional among adolescents, whereas low HRQoL seemed to be a consequence of high SB rather than a cause (cumulative but not bidirectional). Promoting recommended PA and low SB may help improve HRQoL among adolescents, with a possible virtuous cycle with regard to PA.

Association of Age With Short-term and Long-term Mortality Among Patients Discharged From Intensive Care Units in France.

Abstract: Importance An aging population is increasing the need for intensive care unit (ICU) beds. The benefit of ICU admission for elderly patients remains a subject of debate; however, long-term outcomes across all adult age strata are unknown. Objective To describe short-term and long-term mortality (up to 3 years after discharge) across age strata in adult patients admitted to French ICUs. Design, Setting, and Participants Using data extracted from the French national health system database, this cohort study determined in-hospital mortality and mortality at 3 months and 3 years after discharge of adult patients (older than 18 years) admitted to French ICUs from January 1 to December 31, 2013, focusing on age strata. The dates of analysis were November 2017 to December 2018. Exposure Intensive care unit admission. Main Outcomes and Measures In-hospital mortality and mortality at 3 months and 3 years after hospital discharge. Results The study included 133 966 patients (median age, 65 years [interquartile range, 53-76 years); 59.9% male). Total in-hospital mortality was 19.0%, and 3-year mortality was 39.7%. For the 108 539 patients discharged alive from the hospital, 6.8% died by 3 months, and 25.8% died by 3 years after hospital discharge. After adjustment for sex, comorbidities, reason for hospitalization, and organ support (invasive ventilation, noninvasive ventilation, vasopressors, inotropes, fluid resuscitation, blood products administration, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, renal replacement therapy, and mechanical circulatory support), risk of mortality increased progressively across all age strata but with a sharp increase in those 80 years and older. In-hospital and 3-year postdischarge mortality rates, respectively, were 30.5% and 44.9% in patients 80 years and older compared with 16.5% and 22.5% in those younger than 80 years. Total 3-year mortality was 61.4% among patients 80 years and older vs 35.1% in those younger than 80. After age and sex standardization, excess mortality was highest among young patients during their first year after hospital discharge and persisted into the second and third years. In contrast, the mortality risk was close to the general population risk among elderly patients (≥80 years). Age and reason for hospitalization were strongly associated with long-term mortality (9-, 13-, and 20-fold increase in the risk of death 3 years after ICU discharge in patients aged 80-84, 85-89, and ≥90 years, respectively, compared with patients aged Conclusions and Relevance Results of this study suggest that aging was associated with an increased risk of mortality in the 3 years after hospital discharge that included an ICU admission, with a sharp increase in those 80 years and older. However, compared with the general population matched by age and sex, excess long-term mortality was high in young surviving patients but not in elderly patients.

Hepatitis C virus acquisition among Egyptians: analysis of a 10-year surveillance of acute hepatitis C

Abstract: Objective To identify current risk factors for hepatitis C virus (HCV) acquisition among Egyptians. Methods Patients with acute HCV were identified through a surveillance system of acute hepatitis in four fever hospitals in Egypt between 2002 and 2012. Case–control analysis was conducted, cases being incident acute symptomatic HCV and controls being acute hepatitis A identified at the same hospitals. The questionnaire covered iatrogenic, community and household exposures to HCV in the 1–6 months prior to onset of symptoms. Multivariate models were built to identify risk factors associated with HCV acquisition among non-drug users and drug users separately. Results Among non-drug users, hospital admission was independently associated with acute HCV infection (OR = 4.2, 95% CI = 1.7–10.5). Several iatrogenic procedures, for example admission in a surgery unit, sutures, IV injections and IV infusions, highly correlated with hospital admission, were also associated with acute HCV infection and could have been used in the final model instead of hospital admission. Among drug users, identified risk factors were multiple sexual relations (OR = 4.0, 95% CI = 1.1–14.7), intravenous drug use (OR = 3.9, 95% CI = 1.2–13.0) and shaving at the barbershops (OR = 8.7, 95% CI = 2.4–31.4). Illiteracy and marriage were significant risk factors in both groups. Conclusion Invasive medical procedures are still a major risk for acquiring new HCV infections in Egypt, as is illicit drug use in spreading HCV infection. Objectif Identifier les facteurs de risque actuels pour l'acquisition du virus de l'hepatite C (VHC) chez les Egyptiens. Methodes Les patients atteints du VHC aigue ont ete identifies grâce a un systeme de surveillance de l'hepatite aigue dans quatre hopitaux de la fievre en Egypte entre 2002 et 2012. Une analyse cas-temoins a ete realisee, les cas etant des incidents symptomatiques de VHC aigue et les temoins, des cas d'hepatite A aigue identifies dans les memes hopitaux. Le questionnaire portait sur les expositions iatrogenes, familiales et communautaires au VHC entre un a six mois avant l'apparition des symptomes. Des modeles multivaries ont ete construits pour identifier les facteurs de risque associes a l'acquisition du VHC chez les non-toxicomanes et les toxicomanes separement. Resultats Parmi les non-toxicomanes, l'admission a l'hopital etait independamment associee a l'infection aigue par le VHC (OR = 4,2; IC95% = 01,07 a 10,05). Plusieurs procedures iatrogenes, par exemple, l'admission dans une unite de chirurgie, les sutures, les injections IV, les perfusions IV, correlaient fortement avec l'admission a l'hopital, etaient egalement associees a l'infection par le VHC aigue et auraient pu etre utilisees dans le modele final plutot que l'admission a l'hopital. Parmi les usagers de drogues, les facteurs de risque identifies etaient des relations sexuelles multiples (OR = 4,0; IC95% = 1,1 a 14,7), l'utilisation de drogues par voie intraveineuse (OR = 3,9; IC95% = 1,2 a 13,0) et le rasage chez le barbier (OR = 8,7; IC95% = 2,4 a 31,4). L'analphabetisme et le mariage etaient des facteurs de risque importants dans les deux groupes. Conclusion Les procedures medicales invasives sont toujours un risque majeur pour l'acquisition de nouvelles infections par le VHC en Egypte, ainsi que l'utilisation de drogues illicites dans la propagation de l'infection par le VHC. Objetivo Identificar los factores de riesgo actuales para la adquisicion del virus de la hepatitis C (VHC) entre Egipcios. Metodos Se identificaron pacientes con VHC aguda mediante un sistema de vigilancia de hepatitis aguda en cuatro hospitales en Egipto, entre el 2002 y 2012. Se realizo un analisis de caso-control, en el que los casos eran pacientes con VHC aguda sintomaticos y los controles pacientes con hepatitis A aguda, identificados en los mismos hospitales. El cuestionario cubria exposiciones iatrogenicas, comunitarias y dentro del hogar al VHC entre uno y seis meses antes del inicio de los sintomas. Se construyeron modelos multinomiales para identificar los factores de riesgo asociados a la adquisicion del VHC entre consumidores de drogas y no consumidores de forma separada. Resultados Entre los no consumidores, la admision hospitalaria estaba independiente asociada con una infeccion aguda por el VHC (OR=4.2, IC 95% =1.7-10.5). Varios procedimientos iatrogenicos, por ejemplo la admision en una unidad quirurgica, las suturas, las inyecciones intravenosas (IV), o las infusiones IV, estaban altamente correlacionadas con la admision hospitalaria al igual que con la infeccion aguda por VHC y podrian haberse utilizado en el modelo final en vez de la admision hospitalaria. Entre los usuarios de drogas, los factores de riesgo identificados eran multiples relaciones sexuales (OR=4.0, IC 95% =1.1-14.7), uso de drogas intravenosas (OR=3.9, IC 95% =1.2-13.0) y afeitarse en el barbero (OR=8.7, IC 95% =2.4-31.4). El analfabetismo y el matrimonio eran factores de riesgo significativos en ambos grupos. Conclusion Los procedimientos medicos invasivos continuan siendo un factor de riesgo importante para la adquisicion de nuevas infecciones por VHC en Egipto, al igual que el uso de drogas ilicitas lo es para diseminar la infeccion.

FS-FBMC: A flexible robust scheme for efficient multicarrier broadband wireless access

Abstract: An alternative implementation of the filter bank multicarrier (FBMC) concept is introduced. It is based on an FFT whose size is the length of the prototype filter. The approach clarifies the connection with OFDM and its main benefit is in the receiver, where high performance sub-channel equalization and timing offset compensation are achieved in a straightforward manner without additional delay. The scheme is particularly appropriate for broadband wireless access, to cope with fragmented frequency bands and to optimize the utilization of the spectrum, for example with the help of water-filling based sub-channel loading algorithms. The context of TV white spaces is taken for illustration. An issue with the proposed scheme is the computational complexity in the receiver and an approach having the potential for substantial savings is mentioned.

Effect of Side Wind on a Simplified Car Model: Experimental and Numerical Analysis

Abstract: A prior analysis of the effect of steady cross wind on full size cars or models must be conducted when dealing with transient cross wind gust effects on automobiles. The experimental and numerical tests presented in this paper are performed on the Willy square-back test model. This model is realistic compared with a van-type vehicle; its plane underbody surface is parallel to the ground, and separations are limited to the base for moderated yaw angles. Experiments were carried out in the semi-open test section at the Conservatoire National des Arts et Metiers, and computations were performed at the Ecole Centrale de Nantes (ECN). The ISIS-CFD flow solver, developed by the CFD Department of the Fluid Mechanics Laboratory of ECN, used the incompressible unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations. In this paper, the results of experiments obtained at a Reynolds number of 0.9×10 6 are compared with numerical data at the same Reynolds number for steady flows. In both the experiments and numerical results, the yaw angle varies from 0 deg to 30 deg. The comparison between experimental and numerical results obtained for aerodynamic forces, wall pressures, and total pressure maps shows that the unsteady ISIS-CFD solver correctly reflects the physics of steady three-dimensional separated flows around bluff bodies. This encouraging result allows us to move to a second step dealing with the analysis of unsteady separated flows around the Willy model.