Institution
Conservatoire national des arts et métiers
Education•Paris, France•
About: Conservatoire national des arts et métiers is a education organization based out in Paris, France. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 3573 authors who have published 7127 publications receiving 141430 citations. The organization is also known as: CNAM & Conservatoire des arts et métiers.
Topics: Population, Context (language use), Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing, Petri net, Finite element method
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: The results suggest that pneumococcal resistance patterns in the community are strongly related to the individual β-lactam doses received: limiting β- lactam use while increasing the doses could help reduce the prevalence of resistance, although it should select for higher levels of resistance.
Abstract: Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major pathogen in the community and presents high rates of resistance to the available antibiotics. To prevent antibiotic treatment failure caused by highly resistant bacteria, increasing the prescribed antibiotic dose has recently been suggested. The aim of the present study was to assess the influence of beta-lactam prescribed doses on the emergence of resistance and selection in the community. A mathematical model was constructed by combining S. pneumoniae pharmacodynamic and population-dynamic approaches. The received-dose heterogeneity in the population was specifically modeled. Simulations over a 50-year period were run to test the effects of dose distribution and antibiotic exposure frequency changes on community resistance patterns, as well as the accuracy of the defined daily dose as a predictor of resistance. When the frequency of antibiotic exposure per year was kept constant, dose levels had a strong impact on the levels of resistance after a 50-year simulation. The lowest doses resulted in a high prevalence of nonsusceptible strains (> or =70%) with MICs that were still low (1 mg/liter), whereas high doses resulted in a lower prevalence of nonsusceptible strains (<40%) and higher MICs (2 mg/liter). Furthermore, by keeping the volume of antibiotics constant in the population, different patterns of use (low antibiotic dose and high antibiotic exposure frequency versus high dose and low frequency) could lead to markedly different rates of resistance distribution and prevalence (from 10 to 100%). Our results suggest that pneumococcal resistance patterns in the community are strongly related to the individual beta-lactam doses received: limiting beta-lactam use while increasing the doses could help reduce the prevalence of resistance, although it should select for higher levels of resistance. Surveillance networks are therefore encouraged to collect both daily antibiotic exposure frequencies and individual prescribed doses.
44 citations
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TL;DR: It is shown that one can express as a semidefinite program the dual of the partial Lagrangian relaxation of (Pb) where the linear constraints are not relaxed.
Abstract: We give a complete characterization of constant quadratic functions over an affine variety. This result is used to convexify the objective function of a general quadratic programming problem (Pb) which contains linear equality constraints. Thanks to this convexification, we show that one can express as a semidefinite program the dual of the partial Lagrangian relaxation of (Pb) where the linear constraints are not relaxed. We apply these results by comparing two semidefinite relaxations made from two sets of null quadratic functions over an affine variety.
44 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated the air oxidation of aldehydes and showed that under mild conditions (air or oxygen and non-optimized stirring), reactions are transfer limited and thus catalyst has no effect on reaction rate.
Abstract: The hydroformylation of olefins (oxo synthesis) is the most important process for the production of higher aldehydes (>C4). The liquid phase oxidation of the latter to carboxylic acids by molecular oxygen or air has been known for more than 150 years and is an industrially important process. However, in the recent literature, several different oxidizing reagents and catalytic processes have been reported for this oxidation but most of them have limitations as they use environmentally unacceptable reagents or unnecessarily sophisticated conditions. Herein, we re-evaluated the air oxidation of aldehydes. We show that under mild conditions (air or oxygen and non-optimized stirring), reactions are transfer limited and thus catalyst has no effect on reaction rate. Using efficient stirring (self-suction turbine), uncatalysed air oxidation of 0.8 M aldehyde is possible in 50 min at room temperature whereas less than 10 min was necessary with 10 ppm Mn(II). Thus, recommendations for avoiding common pitfalls that may rise during the evaluation of new catalysts are made.
44 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, a one-pot procedure for the synthesis of unsymmetrical alkyl-substituted secondary phosphine oxides is described, where the use of ionic liquids in the first step is essential and streamlined the synthesis.
44 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, outdoor and indoor temperature measurements conducted over the summer of 2015 in the bedrooms of two apartments in Paris, France are analyzed, and the potential for behavioral adaptation to reduce occupant exposure to high sleep time temperatures is quantified and discussed.
44 citations
Authors
Showing all 3635 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Joshua A. Salomon | 107 | 435 | 124708 |
Serge Hercberg | 106 | 942 | 56791 |
Pilar Galan | 97 | 628 | 46782 |
Patrice Simon | 89 | 264 | 66332 |
Yuh-Shan Ho | 80 | 346 | 48242 |
Pierre-Louis Taberna | 68 | 209 | 34293 |
J. David Spence | 67 | 399 | 17671 |
Mathilde Touvier | 65 | 321 | 31586 |
Sébastien Czernichow | 64 | 274 | 14654 |
Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot | 57 | 338 | 10914 |
Valentin Petrov | 54 | 743 | 12127 |
Sandrine Bertrais | 53 | 169 | 9618 |
Paco Bustamante | 52 | 295 | 9136 |
Khaled Ezzedine | 50 | 313 | 8939 |
Arnaud Fontanet | 50 | 204 | 11964 |