Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz

About: Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz is a education organization based out in Bydgoszcz, Poland. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Luminescence & Population. The organization has 1109 authors who have published 2923 publications receiving 19548 citations. The organization is also known as: Casimir the Great University & Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy.

Systematic status of Oribatula Berlese, 1895 (Acari: Oribatida: Oribatulidae) in the light of the ontogeny of three species

Abstract: The systematic status of Oribatula Berlese, 1895 in light of the ontogeny of Oribatula interrupta (Willmann, 1939), Oribatula propinqua (Oudemans, 1900), Oribatula exarata (Berlese, 1916), and the literature was investigated. Oribatula and Zygoribatula Berlese, 1917 are distinguished as separate genera or subgenera mainly by the absence or presence of translamella in adults, respectively, but the shape of the translamella varies in O. interrupta, Oribatula colemani (Franklin, Norton & Crossley, 2008), and other species, which presents problems with their classification and puts into question the importance of translamella as a generic or subgeneric character. The morphology of juveniles of the species investigated here also does not support the importance of translamella; these juveniles have similar body shape and excentrosclerites at gastronotal setae c 2, la, lp, and h 1 in the larva and c 2, la, lp, h-series, and p 1 in the nymphs, but differ mainly by the pattern of cuticle of gastronotum, length of ...

Information content in cortical spike trains during brain state transitions

Abstract: Summary Even in the absence of external stimuli there is ongoing activity in the cerebral cortex as a result of recurrent connectivity. This paper attempts to characterize one aspect of this ongoing activity by examining how the information content carried by specific neurons varies as a function of brain state. We recorded from rats chronically implanted with tetrodes in the primary visual cortex during awake and sleep periods. Electro-encephalogram and spike trains were recorded during 30-min periods, and 2–4 neuronal spikes were isolated per tetrode off-line. All the activity included in the analysis was spontaneous, being recorded from the visual cortex in the absence of visual stimuli. The brain state was determined through a combination of behavior evaluation, electroencephalogram and electromyogram analysis. Information in the spike trains was determined by using Lempel–Ziv Complexity. Complexity was used to estimate the entropy of neural discharges and thus the information content (Amigoet al. Neural Comput., 2004, 16: 717–736). The information content in spike trains (range 4–70 bits s−1) was evaluated during different brain states and particularly during the transition periods. Transitions toward states of deeper sleep coincided with a decrease of information, while transitions to the awake state resulted in an increase in information. Changes in both directions were of the same magnitude, about 30%. Information in spike trains showed a high temporal correlation between neurons, reinforcing the idea of the impact of the brain state in the information content of spike trains.

On a subclass of the family of Darboux functions

Abstract: We investigate functions f : I → R (where I is an open interval) such that for all u, v ∈ I with u < v and f(u) 6= f(v) and each c ∈ (min(f(u), f(v)), max(f(u), f(v))) there is a point w ∈ (u, v) such that f(w) = c and f is approximately continuous at w. Let μ be the Lebesgue measure on R. For a (Lebesgue) measurable set A ⊂ R and a point x we define the upper (resp. lower) density Du(A, x) (resp. Dl(A, x)) of A at x ([1, 6]) as lim sup h→0+ μ(A ∩ [x− h, x+ h]) 2h ,