Showing papers by "National Technical University of Athens published in 2016"
University of Manchester1, KEK2, CERN3, Complutense University of Madrid4, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory5, Toyama College6, Lebedev Physical Institute7, Fermilab8, University of Paris-Sud9, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory10, National Research Nuclear University MEPhI11, Queen's University Belfast12, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information13, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare14, Northeastern University15, University of Seville16, National University of Cordoba17, Saint Joseph University18, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research19, University of Wollongong20, Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute21, Hampton University22, TRIUMF23, ETH Zurich24, Centre national de la recherche scientifique25, University of Bordeaux26, University of Helsinki27, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine28, National Technical University of Athens29, University of Notre Dame30, Ashikaga Institute of Technology31, Kobe University32, Intelligence and National Security Alliance33, University of Trieste34, University of Warwick35, University of Belgrade36, Instituto Superior Técnico37, European Space Agency38, Varian Medical Systems39, George Washington University40, Ritsumeikan University41, Ton Duc Thang University42, Université Paris-Saclay43, Idaho State University44, Naruto University of Education45
01 Nov 2016-Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment
TL;DR: Geant4 as discussed by the authors is a software toolkit for the simulation of the passage of particles through matter, which is used by a large number of experiments and projects in a variety of application domains, including high energy physics, astrophysics and space science, medical physics and radiation protection.
Abstract: Geant4 is a software toolkit for the simulation of the passage of particles through matter. It is used by a large number of experiments and projects in a variety of application domains, including high energy physics, astrophysics and space science, medical physics and radiation protection. Over the past several years, major changes have been made to the toolkit in order to accommodate the needs of these user communities, and to efficiently exploit the growth of computing power made available by advances in technology. The adaptation of Geant4 to multithreading, advances in physics, detector modeling and visualization, extensions to the toolkit, including biasing and reverse Monte Carlo, and tools for physics and release validation are discussed here.
2,260 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the role of torsion in gravity has been extensively investigated along the main direction of bringing gravity closer to its gauge formulation and incorporating spin in a geometric description.
Abstract: Over recent decades, the role of torsion in gravity has been extensively investigated along the main direction of bringing gravity closer to its gauge formulation and incorporating spin in a geometric description. Here we review various torsional constructions, from teleparallel, to Einstein-Cartan, and metric-affine gauge theories, resulting in extending torsional gravity in the paradigm of f (T) gravity, where f (T) is an arbitrary function of the torsion scalar. Based on this theory, we further review the corresponding cosmological and astrophysical applications. In particular, we study cosmological solutions arising from f (T) gravity, both at the background and perturbation levels, in different eras along the cosmic expansion. The f (T) gravity construction can provide a theoretical interpretation of the late-time universe acceleration, alternative to a cosmological constant, and it can easily accommodate with the regular thermal expanding history including the radiation and cold dark matter dominated phases. Furthermore, if one traces back to very early times, for a certain class of f (T) models, a sufficiently long period of inflation can be achieved and hence can be investigated by cosmic microwave background observations-or, alternatively, the Big Bang singularity can be avoided at even earlier moments due to the appearance of non-singular bounces. Various observational constraints, especially the bounds coming from the large-scale structure data in the case of f (T) cosmology, as well as the behavior of gravitational waves, are described in detail. Moreover, the spherically symmetric and black hole solutions of the theory are reviewed. Additionally, we discuss various extensions of the f (T) paradigm. Finally, we consider the relation with other modified gravitational theories, such as those based on curvature, like f (R) gravity, trying to illuminate the subject of which formulation, or combination of formulations, might be more suitable for quantization ventures and cosmological applications.
969 citations
Posted Content•
TL;DR: This work presents persona-based models for handling the issue of speaker consistency in neural response generation that yield qualitative performance improvements in both perplexity and BLEU scores over baseline sequence-to-sequence models.
Abstract: We present persona-based models for handling the issue of speaker consistency in neural response generation. A speaker model encodes personas in distributed embeddings that capture individual characteristics such as background information and speaking style. A dyadic speaker-addressee model captures properties of interactions between two interlocutors. Our models yield qualitative performance improvements in both perplexity and BLEU scores over baseline sequence-to-sequence models, with similar gains in speaker consistency as measured by human judges.
647 citations
19 Mar 2016
TL;DR: This paper presented a persona-based model for handling the issue of speaker consistency in neural response generation, where a speaker model encodes personas in distributed embeddings that capture individual characteristics such as background information and speaking style.
Abstract: We present persona-based models for handling the issue of speaker consistency in neural response generation. A speaker model encodes personas in distributed embeddings that capture individual characteristics such as background information and speaking style. A dyadic speaker-addressee model captures properties of interactions between two interlocutors. Our models yield qualitative performance improvements in both perplexity and BLEU scores over baseline sequence-to-sequence models, with similar gains in speaker consistency as measured by human judges.
645 citations
Aix-Marseille University1, University of Oklahoma2, University of Iowa3, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences4, Université Paris-Saclay5, University of Amsterdam6, University of California, Santa Cruz7, University of Sussex8, Tel Aviv University9, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology10, University of Oregon11, Stockholm University12, King's College London13, International Centre for Theoretical Physics14, AGH University of Science and Technology15, Brookhaven National Laboratory16, Northern Illinois University17, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich18, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory19, University of Liverpool20, University of Belgrade21, University of Göttingen22, University of Granada23, Boston University24, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research25, University of Rome Tor Vergata26, Lund University27, University of Bologna28, University of Victoria29, University of Grenoble30, National University of La Plata31, CERN32, National Technical University of Athens33, University of Salento34, University of Chicago35, Columbia University36, University of Birmingham37, University of Naples Federico II38, University of Copenhagen39, University of Washington40, University of Valencia41, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory42, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro43, Brandeis University44, University of Michigan45, University of Coimbra46, University of Lisbon47, University of Sheffield48, University of Geneva49, University of Texas at Austin50, Heidelberg University51, University of Milan52, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens53, Dresden University of Technology54, Novosibirsk State University55, IFAE56
TL;DR: In this article, a combined ATLAS and CMS measurements of the Higgs boson production and decay rates, as well as constraints on its couplings to vector bosons and fermions, are presented.
Abstract: Combined ATLAS and CMS measurements of the Higgs boson production and decay rates, as well as constraints on its couplings to vector bosons and fermions, are presented. The combination is based on the analysis of five production processes, namely gluon fusion, vector boson fusion, and associated production with a $W$ or a $Z$ boson or a pair of top quarks, and of the six decay modes $H \to ZZ, WW$, $\gamma\gamma, \tau\tau, bb$, and $\mu\mu$. All results are reported assuming a value of 125.09 GeV for the Higgs boson mass, the result of the combined measurement by the ATLAS and CMS experiments. The analysis uses the CERN LHC proton--proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS and CMS experiments in 2011 and 2012, corresponding to integrated luminosities per experiment of approximately 5 fb$^{-1}$ at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV and 20 fb$^{-1}$ at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV. The Higgs boson production and decay rates measured by the two experiments are combined within the context of three generic parameterisations: two based on cross sections and branching fractions, and one on ratios of coupling modifiers. Several interpretations of the measurements with more model-dependent parameterisations are also given. The combined signal yield relative to the Standard Model prediction is measured to be 1.09 $\pm$ 0.11. The combined measurements lead to observed significances for the vector boson fusion production process and for the $H \to \tau\tau$ decay of $5.4$ and $5.5$ standard deviations, respectively. The data are consistent with the Standard Model predictions for all parameterisations considered.
618 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the performance of the ATLAS muon identification and reconstruction using the first LHC dataset recorded at s√ = 13 TeV in 2015 was evaluated using the Monte Carlo simulations.
Abstract: This article documents the performance of the ATLAS muon identification and reconstruction using the first LHC dataset recorded at s√ = 13 TeV in 2015. Using a large sample of J/ψ→μμ and Z→μμ decays from 3.2 fb−1 of pp collision data, measurements of the reconstruction efficiency, as well as of the momentum scale and resolution, are presented and compared to Monte Carlo simulations. The reconstruction efficiency is measured to be close to 99% over most of the covered phase space (|η| 2.2, the pT resolution for muons from Z→μμ decays is 2.9% while the precision of the momentum scale for low-pT muons from J/ψ→μμ decays is about 0.2%.
440 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the most appropriate pretreatment for the main feedstocks of biogas plants is discussed, which can enhance the methane potential and/or anaerobic digestion rate, improving digester performance.
423 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an independent b-tagging algorithm based on the reconstruction of muons inside jets as well as the b tagging algorithm used in the online trigger are also presented.
Abstract: The identification of jets containing b hadrons is important for the physics programme of the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. Several algorithms to identify jets containing b hadrons are described, ranging from those based on the reconstruction of an inclusive secondary vertex or the presence of tracks with large impact parameters to combined tagging algorithms making use of multi-variate discriminants. An independent b-tagging algorithm based on the reconstruction of muons inside jets as well as the b-tagging algorithm used in the online trigger are also presented. The b-jet tagging efficiency, the c-jet tagging efficiency and the mistag rate for light flavour jets in data have been measured with a number of complementary methods. The calibration results are presented as scale factors defined as the ratio of the efficiency (or mistag rate) in data to that in simulation. In the case of b jets, where more than one calibration method exists, the results from the various analyses have been combined taking into account the statistical correlation as well as the correlation of the sources of systematic uncertainty.
362 citations
TL;DR: Overall, landslide susceptibility assessments could serve as a useful tool for the local and national authorities, in order to evaluate strategies to prevent and mitigate the adverse impacts of landslide events.
Abstract: The main objective of the present study was to compare the performance of a classifier that implements the Logistic Regression and a classifier that employs a Naive Bayes algorithm in landslide susceptibility assessments. The study provides an evaluation concerning the influence of model's complexity and the size of the training data, while it identifies the most accurate and reliable classifier. The comparison of the two classifiers was based on the assessment of a database containing 116 sites located at the mountains of Epirus, Greece, where serious landslides events have been encountered. The sites are classified into two categories, non-landslide and landslide areas. The identification of those areas was established by analysing airborne imagery, extensive field investigation and the examination of previous research studies. The geo-environmental conditions in those locations where analyzed in regard with their susceptibility to slide. In particular, seven variables where analyzed: engineering geological units, slope angle, slope aspect, mean annual rainfall, distance from river network, distance from tectonic features and distance from road network. Multicollinearity analysis and feature selection was implemented in order to estimate the conditional independence among the variables and to rank the variables according to their significance in estimating landslide susceptibility. By the above processes the construction of nine different datasets was accomplished. Further partition allowed creating subsets of training and validating data from the original 116 sites. Each dataset was characterized by the number of the variables used and the size of the training datasets. The comparison and validation of the outcomes of each model was achieved using statistical evaluation measures, the receiving operating characteristic and the area under the success and predictive rate curves. The results indicated that model's complexity and the size of the training dataset influence the accuracy and the predictive power of the models concerning landslide susceptibility. In particular, the most accurate model with high predictive power was the eighth model (five variables and 92 training data), with the Naive Bayes classifier having a slightly higher overall performance and accuracy than the Logistic Regression classifier, 87.50% and 82.61% on the validation datasets, respectively. The highest area under the curve was achieved by the Naive Bayes classifier for both the training and validating datasets (0.875 and 0.806 respectively) while the Logistic Regression classifier achieved a lower AUC values for the training and validating datasets (0.844 and 0.711, respectively). When limited data are available it seems that more accurate and reliable results could be obtained by generative classifiers, like Naive Bayes classifiers. Overall, landslide susceptibility assessments could serve as a useful tool for the local and national authorities, in order to evaluate strategies to prevent and mitigate the adverse impacts of landslide events.
324 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the thermal efficiency enhancement of the commercial parabolic collector by increasing the convective heat transfer coefficient between the working fluid and the absorber, and showed that the use of nanofluids increases the collector efficiency by 4.25% while the geometry improvement increases the efficiency by4.55%.
320 citations
TL;DR: The methods employed in the ATLAS experiment to correct for the impact of pile-up on jet energy and jet shapes, and for the presence of spurious additional jets, are described, with a primary focus on the large 20.3 kg-1 data sample.
Abstract: The large rate of multiple simultaneous protonproton interactions, or pile-up, generated by the Large Hadron Collider in Run 1 required the development of many new techniques to mitigate the advers ...
TL;DR: A review of the current state of the art in decision support methods applied to renewable and sustainable energy throughout the literature in the field of energy planning is presented in this article, where selected papers were classified by their year of publication, decision making technique, energy type, the criteria used, geographic distribution and the application areas.
Abstract: One of the problems facing researchers in the application of renewable energy systems is that the evaluation of the sustainability is extremely perplex. Decision making in energy projects requires consideration of technical, economic, environmental and social impacts and is often complicated. This paper presents a review of the current state of the art in decision support methods applied to renewable and sustainable energy throughout the literature in the field of energy planning. The selected papers were classified by their year of publication, decision making technique, energy type, the criteria used, geographic distribution and the application areas.
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TL;DR: The main techniques and state-of-the-art research efforts in IoT from data-centric perspectives are reviewed, including data stream processing, data storage models, complex event processing, and searching in IoT.
TL;DR: The luminosity determination for the ATLAS detector at the LHC during pp collisions at s√= 8 TeV in 2012 is presented in this article, where the evaluation of the luminosity scale is performed using several luminometers.
Abstract: The luminosity determination for the ATLAS detector at the LHC during pp collisions at s√= 8 TeV in 2012 is presented. The evaluation of the luminosity scale is performed using several luminometers ...
TL;DR: A unified resilience evaluation and operational enhancement approach, which includes a procedure for assessing the impact of severe weather on power systems and a novel risk-based defensive islanding algorithm, which aims to mitigate the cascading effects that may occur during weather emergencies.
Abstract: Several catastrophic experiences of extreme weather events show that boosting the power grid resilience is becoming increasingly critical. This paper discusses a unified resilience evaluation and operational enhancement approach, which includes a procedure for assessing the impact of severe weather on power systems and a novel risk-based defensive islanding algorithm. This adaptive islanding algorithm aims to mitigate the cascading effects that may occur during weather emergencies. This goes beyond the infrastructure-based measures that are traditionally used as a defense to severe weather. The resilience assessment procedure relies on the concept of fragility curves, which express the weather-dependent failure probabilities of the components. A severity risk index is used to determine the application of defensive islanding, which considers the current network topology and the branches that are at higher risk of tripping due to the weather event. This preventive measure boosts the system resilience by splitting the network into stable and self-adequate islands in order to isolate the components with higher failure probability, whose tripping would trigger cascading events. The proposed approach is illustrated using a simplified version of the Great Britain transmission network, with focus on assessing and improving its resilience to severe windstorms.
TL;DR: The results suggest that the ridge in pp collisions arises from the same or similar underlying physics as observed in p+Pb collisions, and that the dynamics responsible for the ridge has no strong sqrt[s] dependence.
Abstract: ATLAS has measured two-particle correlations as a function of relative azimuthal-angle, $\Delta \phi$, and pseudorapidity, $\Delta \eta$, in $\sqrt{s}$=13 and 2.76 TeV $pp$ collisions at the LHC using charged particles measured in the pseudorapidity interval $|\eta|$<2.5. The correlation functions evaluated in different intervals of measured charged-particle multiplicity show a multiplicity-dependent enhancement at $\Delta \phi \sim 0$ that extends over a wide range of $\Delta\eta$, which has been referred to as the "ridge". Per-trigger-particle yields, $Y(\Delta \phi)$, are measured over 2<$|\Delta\eta|$<5. For both collision energies, the $Y(\Delta \phi)$ distribution in all multiplicity intervals is found to be consistent with a linear combination of the per-trigger-particle yields measured in collisions with less than 20 reconstructed tracks, and a constant combinatoric contribution modulated by $\cos{(2\Delta \phi)}$. The fitted Fourier coefficient, $v_{2,2}$, exhibits factorization, suggesting that the ridge results from per-event $\cos{(2\phi)}$ modulation of the single-particle distribution with Fourier coefficients $v_2$. The $v_2$ values are presented as a function of multiplicity and transverse momentum. They are found to be approximately constant as a function of multiplicity and to have a $p_{\mathrm{T}}$ dependence similar to that measured in $p$+Pb and Pb+Pb collisions. The $v_2$ values in the 13 and 2.76 TeV data are consistent within uncertainties. These results suggest that the ridge in $pp$ collisions arises from the same or similar underlying physics as observed in $p$+Pb collisions, and that the dynamics responsible for the ridge has no strong $\sqrt{s}$ dependence.
TL;DR: In this paper, a wide spectrum of energy policies regarding the electrochemical, mechanical, and thermal energy storage technologies are discussed, while the future orientations of these technologies are outlined.
Abstract: Electricity plays a dominant role to the citizens׳ well-being and the social prosperity of the developed economies. Electricity perspectives have attracted the research interest of the scientific community during the last two decades due to its determining impact upon transportation modes (electric-based mobility: electric vehicles–EVs, hybrid cars, and electric drive-trains), energy-consumed household tasks (Smart House and Smart Grid concepts), working environment, and leisure activities. Electricity generation is mainly determined by the following features: on-grid (mainland) and off-grid (including exploitation of renewables in remote areas) production, peak (during the day) and off-peak (during the night) daytimes of energy production and consumption, efficient and reliable power supply, capability and reliability of energy storage technologies, energy market potential in the future. This study further explores the following issues: which technologies will be most needed, in which technologies there is room for further development, which policy considerations will influence rollout and penetration, and what implementation problems may be expected. Finally, this study addresses a wide spectrum of energy policies regarding the electrochemical, mechanical, and thermal energy storage technologies. In parallel, the study discussed global regulatory regimes of the post-2015 development agenda of Rio20+ United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development that should be adapted to electricity generation under the political initiatives of “Sustainable Development Goals” (SDGs) and “Millennium Development Goals” (MDGs). Finally, the key-issues of research, operation, applicability, and pricing trend of energy storage technologies are addressed while the future orientations of these technologies are outlined.
TL;DR: In this article, a search for a high-mass Higgs boson in the,,, and decay modes using the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider is presented.
Abstract: A search is presented for a high-mass Higgs boson in the , , , and decay modes using the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The search uses proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb. The results of the search are interpreted in the scenario of a heavy Higgs boson with a width that is small compared with the experimental mass resolution. The Higgs boson mass range considered extends up to for all four decay modes and down to as low as 140 , depending on the decay mode. No significant excess of events over the Standard Model prediction is found. A simultaneous fit to the four decay modes yields upper limits on the production cross-section of a heavy Higgs boson times the branching ratio to boson pairs. 95 % confidence level upper limits range from 0.53 pb at GeV to 0.008 pb at GeV for the gluon-fusion production mode and from 0.31 pb at GeV to 0.009 pb at GeV for the vector-boson-fusion production mode. The results are also interpreted in the context of Type-I and Type-II two-Higgs-doublet models.
TL;DR: In this paper, a micro-scale tri/co-generation system capable of combined heat and power production and refrigeration, based on the joint operation of an organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) and a vapor Compression Cycle (VCC), is presented.
TL;DR: In this article, a set of analytical expressions is introduced to determine the five parameters of the single-diode model for crystalline PV modules at any operating conditions, in a simple and straightforward manner.
Abstract: Determination of PV model parameters usually requires time consuming iterative procedures, prone to initialization and convergence difficulties. In this paper, a set of analytical expressions is introduced to determine the five parameters of the single-diode model for crystalline PV modules at any operating conditions, in a simple and straightforward manner. The derivation of these equations is based on a newly found relation between the diode ideality factor and the open circuit voltage, which is explicitly formulated using the temperature coefficients. The proposed extraction method is robust, cost-efficient, and easy-to-implement, as it relies only on datasheet information, while it is based on a solid theoretical background. Its accuracy and computational efficiency is verified and compared to other methods available in the literature through both simulation and outdoor measurements.
TL;DR: In this article, a search for new phenomena in final states with an energetic jet and large missing transverse momentum was performed using proton-proton collision data corresponding to an inte...
Abstract: Results of a search for new phenomena in final states with an energetic jet and large missing transverse momentum are reported. The search uses proton-proton collision data corresponding to an inte ...
TL;DR: In this article, the photocatalytic efficiency of the titania/graphene (ssG and rGO) nanocomposites was investigated in terms of total NOx (NO and NO 2) removal and NO2 emission.
Abstract: Nanocomposite TiO2/graphene photocatalysts were synthesized via solvothermal process using titanium isopropoxide as a TiO2 precursor. Surfactant-stabilized graphene (ssG) prepared via liquid phase exfoliation and graphene oxide (GO) obtained via oxidation of graphite were used for preparation of two types of composites TiO2/G and TiO2/rGO, respectively, each with graphene loadings 0.01%, 0.1% and 1%. Hydrophilic non ionic surfactant Pluronic F127 was employed in order graphene stabilization in water and homogeneous dispersion with the TiO2 precursor to be achieved.
The crystalline structure, composition, morphology, porosity and light absorption of the photocatalysts and their photocatalytic activity in NOx oxidation under UV and visible light irradiation were comparatively investigated. The titania/graphene (ssG and rGO) nanocomposites exhibited higher photocatalytic efficiency than pure TiO2 especially under visible light irradiation in terms of total NOx (NO and NO2) removal and NO2 emission. Differences in the photocatalytic efficiency between the TiO2/G and TiO2/rGO composites were observed originating from the type and the loading of the graphene. In general, the TiO2/rGO exhibited superior efficiency than the TiO2/G and the best results were recorded for low 0.1% graphene loading. The findings are discussed taking into consideration the variation in the BET SSA and the Eg values, as well as the differences in the electronic structure of the ssG and the rGO, the former to be a zero-band gap material and the latter a semiconductor with tunable band gap. The presence of graphene component was determined as a key parameter governing the separation of the photogenerated electron–holes pair through interfacial charge transfer. The significantly increased activity of the TiO2/rGO composites under visible light in NOx removal and the very low levels of NO2 release in comparison to the pure TiO2 render these materials promising photocatalysts for efficient air purification.
TL;DR: An overview of neuroscientific bases of hand synergies is provided and how robotics has leveraged the insights from neuroscience for innovative design in hardware and controllers for biomedical engineering applications, including myoelectric hand prostheses, devices for haptics research, and wearable sensing of human hand kinematics are introduced.
TL;DR: It is shown that lone pair stereochemical activity due to the Sn(2+) s(2) lone pair causes a crystallographically hidden, locally distorted state to appear upon warming, a phenomenon previously referred to as emphanisis.
Abstract: Stable s2 lone pair electrons on heavy main-group elements in their lower oxidation states drive a range of important phenomena, such as the emergence of polar ground states in some ferroic materials. Here we study the perovskite halide CsSnBr3 as an embodiment of the broader materials class. We show that lone pair stereochemical activity due to the Sn2+ s2 lone pair causes a crystallographically hidden, locally distorted state to appear upon warming, a phenomenon previously referred to as emphanisis. The synchrotron X-ray pair distribution function acquired between 300 and 420 K reveals emerging asymmetry in the nearest-neighbor Sn–Br correlations, consistent with dynamic Sn2+ off-centering, despite there being no evidence of any deviation from the average cubic structure. Computation based on density functional theory supports the finding of a lattice instability associated with dynamic off-centering of Sn2+ in its coordination environment. Photoluminescence measurements reveal an unusual blue-shift wit...
TL;DR: In this paper, a measurement of the inelastic proton-proton cross section using 60''μb^{-1} of pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy sqrt[s] of 13'TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC is presented.
Abstract: This Letter presents a measurement of the inelastic proton-proton cross section using 60 μb^{-1} of pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy sqrt[s] of 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Inelastic interactions are selected using rings of plastic scintillators in the forward region (2.07 10^{-6}, where M_{X} is the larger invariant mass of the two hadronic systems separated by the largest rapidity gap in the event. In this ξ range the scintillators are highly efficient. For diffractive events this corresponds to cases where at least one proton dissociates to a system with M_{X}>13 GeV. The measured cross section is compared with a range of theoretical predictions. When extrapolated to the full phase space, a cross section of 78.1±2.9 mb is measured, consistent with the inelastic cross section increasing with center-of-mass energy.
TL;DR: In this article, a review of exergy analysis of solar thermal collectors and processes is presented, which includes not only various types of solar collectors, but also various applications of thermal systems.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss quadratic gravity where terms quadratically in the curvature tensor are included in the action, and analyze in detail the physical propagating modes.
Abstract: We discuss quadratic gravity where terms quadratic in the curvature tensor are included in the action. After reviewing the corresponding eld equations, we analyze in detail the physical propagating modes
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe a model-agnostic search for pairs of jets (dijets) produced by resonant and non-resonant phenomena beyond the Standard Model.
TL;DR: A methodological framework for multiple steps ahead parking availability prediction is presented, and findings show that the Weibull parametric models best describe the probability of a parking space to continue to be free in the forthcoming time intervals.
TL;DR: The European Drought Impact report inventory (EDII) as discussed by the authors is a unique research database that has collected close to 5000 impact reports from 33 European countries and classified the reported drought impacts into major impact categories, each of which had a number of subtypes.
Abstract: Drought is a natural hazard that can cause a wide range of impacts affecting the environment, society, and the economy. Providing an impact assessment and reducing vulnerability to these impacts for regions beyond the local scale, spanning political and sectoral boundaries, requires systematic and detailed data regarding impacts. This study presents an assessment of the diversity of drought impacts across Europe based on the European Drought Impact report Inventory (EDII), a unique research database that has collected close to 5000 impact reports from 33 European countries. The reported drought impacts were classified into major impact categories, each of which had a number of subtypes. The distribution of these categories and types was then analyzed over time, by country, across Europe and for particular drought events. The results show that impacts on agriculture and public water supply dominate the collection of drought impact reports for most countries and for all major drought events since the 1970s, while the number and relative fractions of reported impacts in other sectors can vary regionally and from event to event. The analysis also shows that reported impacts have increased over time as more media and website information has become available and environmental awareness has increased. Even though the distribution of impact categories is relatively consistent across Europe, the details of the reports show some differences. They confirm severe impacts in southern regions (particularly on agriculture and public water supply) and sector-specific impacts in central and northern regions (e.g., on forestry or energy production). The protocol developed thus enabled a new and more comprehensive view on drought impacts across Europe. Related studies have already developed statistical techniques to evaluate the link between drought indices and the categorized impacts using EDII data. The EDII is a living database and is a promising source for further research on drought impacts, vulnerabilities, and risks across Europe. A key result is the extensive variety of impacts found across Europe and its documentation. This insight can therefore inform drought policy planning at national to international levels.