Northampton Community College

About: Northampton Community College is a education organization based out in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 3410 authors who have published 4582 publications receiving 130398 citations. The organization is also known as: Northampton County Area Community College.

Acquired colour vision defects in glaucoma-their detection and clinical significance.

Abstract: Colour vision defects associated with ocular disease have been reported since the 17th century. Kollner1 in 1912 wrote an acute description of the progressive nature of colour vision loss secondary to ocular disease, dividing defects into “blue-yellow” and “progressive red-green blindness”.2 This classification has become known as Kollner's rule, although it is often imprecisely stated as “patients with retinal disease develop blue-yellow discrimination loss, whereas optic nerve disease causes red-green discrimination loss”. Exceptions to Kollner's rule3 4 include some optic nerve diseases, notably glaucoma, which are primarily associated with blue-yellow defects, and also some retinal disorders such as central cone degeneration which may result in red-green defects. Indeed, in some cases, there might be a non-specific chromatic loss. Colour vision defects in glaucoma have been described since 18835 and although many early investigations indicated that red-green defects accompanied glaucomatous optic neuropathy,1 later studies suggested that tritan defects predominate.6-9 This change of view largely reflected improved experimental design over time—in early studies no distinction was made between the various types of glaucoma, nor was any allowance usually made for the age distribution of subjects in the sample. A summary of the early research can be found in Drance et al .7 Although modern studies control for confounding factors such as increasing lens density and decreasing pupil size with age, some controversy still surrounds the nature of colour vision defects in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). Comparing previous research evaluating chromatic discrimination in POAG is complicated by wide variations in methodology and experimental conditions. In recent years, computer generated colour tests have provided the means for isolating the processing of chromatic signals from the accompanying achromatic cues.10-15 In these tests, typically, the subject is asked to report the presence of a coloured target such …

Research with children: a critical review of the guidelines:

Abstract: The development of research with children highlights a number of ethical issues for the research process concerning consent, confidentiality and protection from harm. This article aims to analyse the extent to which these issues have been considered within the published guidance for research involving children. Several key principles emerged: there is consensus that it is unethical not to conduct research with children; consent should be obtained from both the child and the parent or guardian; where the child does not have sufficient understanding of what is involved and the implications of such involvement, the assent of the child should be sought; children involved in research should be made aware that, where information concerning risks to themselves or others emerges, confidentiality cannot be guaranteed; and finally researchers must consider the potential impact of research participation on the child, building methods of providing support to children into the research proposal.