Institution
University of Düsseldorf
Education•Düsseldorf, Germany•
About: University of Düsseldorf is a education organization based out in Düsseldorf, Germany. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Diabetes mellitus. The organization has 25225 authors who have published 49155 publications receiving 1946434 citations.
Topics: Population, Diabetes mellitus, Transplantation, Gene, Medicine
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: A CAG trinucleotide repeat with CAA interruptions that was expanded in patients with SCA2, which is a member of a novel gene family and not highly polymorphic in normal individuals is identified.
Abstract: The gene for spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) has been mapped to 12q24.1. A 1.1-megabase contig in the candidate region was assembled in P1 artificial chromosome and bacterial artificial chromosome clones. Using this contig, we identified a CAG trinucleotide repeat with CAA interruptions that was expanded in patients with SCA2. In contrast to other unstable trinucleotide repeats, this CAG repeat was not highly polymorphic in normal individuals. In SCA2 patients, the repeat was perfect and expanded to 36-52 repeats. The most common disease allele contained (CAG)37, one of the shortest expansions seen in a CAG expansion syndrome. The repeat occurs in the 5'-coding region of SCA2 which is a member of a novel gene family.
1,094 citations
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TL;DR: A conjunction analysis across these domains revealed that aside from basic somatosensory and motor processes all tested functions overlapped on the anterior-dorsal insula, which might constitute a correlate for a functional integration between different functional systems and thus reflect a link between them necessary to integrate different qualities into a coherent experience of the world.
Abstract: Whether we feel sympathy for another, listen to our heartbeat, experience pain or negotiate, the insular cortex is thought to integrate perceptions, emotions, thoughts, and plans into one subjective image of “our world”. The insula has hence been ascribed an integrative role, linking information from diverse functional systems. Nevertheless, various anatomical and functional studies in humans and non-human primates also indicate a functional differentiation of this region. In order to investigate this functional differentiation as well as the mechanisms of the functional integration in the insula, we performed activation-likelihood-estimation (ALE) meta-analyses of 1,768 functional neuroimaging experiments. The analysis revealed four functionally distinct regions on the human insula, which map to the social-emotional, the sensorimotor, the olfacto-gustatory, and the cognitive network of the brain. Sensorimotor tasks activated the mid-posterior and social-emotional tasks the anterior-ventral insula. In the central insula activation by olfacto-gustatory stimuli was found, and cognitive tasks elicited activation in the anterior-dorsal region. A conjunction analysis across these domains revealed that aside from basic somatosensory and motor processes all tested functions overlapped on the anterior-dorsal insula. This overlap might constitute a correlate for a functional integration between different functional systems and thus reflect a link between them necessary to integrate different qualities into a coherent experience of the world and setting the context for thoughts and actions.
1,092 citations
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TL;DR: Micronutrients need to be regenerated on oxidation in the biological setting, hence the need for further coupling to nonradical reducing systems such as glutathione-glutathione disulfide, dihydrolipoate-lipoate, or NADPH-NadP+ and NADH-NAD+.
1,091 citations
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University of Düsseldorf1, Goethe University Frankfurt2, Vrije Universiteit Brussel3, University of Freiburg4, Leipzig University5, Dow Chemical Company6, University of Tübingen7, Durham University8, University of Turin9, Seoul National University10, University of Jena11, Charité12, University of Valencia13, Heidelberg University14, French Institute for Research in Computer Science and Automation15, University of Paris16, University of Liverpool17, University of Groningen18, Lund University19, University of Manchester20, South Valley University21, University Hospital Regensburg22, Merck KGaA23, Musashino University24, University of Kansas25, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich26, Fresenius Medical Care27, University of Regensburg28, Merck & Co.29
TL;DR: This review encompasses the most important advances in liver functions and hepatotoxicity and analyzes which mechanisms can be studied in vitro and how closely hepatoma, stem cell and iPS cell–derived hepatocyte-like-cells resemble real hepatocytes.
Abstract: This review encompasses the most important advances in liver functions and hepatotoxicity and analyzes which mechanisms can be studied in vitro. In a complex architecture of nested, zonated lobules, the liver consists of approximately 80 % hepatocytes and 20 % non-parenchymal cells, the latter being involved in a secondary phase that may dramatically aggravate the initial damage. Hepatotoxicity, as well as hepatic metabolism, is controlled by a set of nuclear receptors (including PXR, CAR, HNF-4α, FXR, LXR, SHP, VDR and PPAR) and signaling pathways. When isolating liver cells, some pathways are activated, e.g., the RAS/MEK/ERK pathway, whereas others are silenced (e.g. HNF-4α), resulting in up- and downregulation of hundreds of genes. An understanding of these changes is crucial for a correct interpretation of in vitro data. The possibilities and limitations of the most useful liver in vitro systems are summarized, including three-dimensional culture techniques, co-cultures with non-parenchymal cells, hepatospheres, precision cut liver slices and the isolated perfused liver. Also discussed is how closely hepatoma, stem cell and iPS cell-derived hepatocyte-like-cells resemble real hepatocytes. Finally, a summary is given of the state of the art of liver in vitro and mathematical modeling systems that are currently used in the pharmaceutical industry with an emphasis on drug metabolism, prediction of clearance, drug interaction, transporter studies and hepatotoxicity. One key message is that despite our enthusiasm for in vitro systems, we must never lose sight of the in vivo situation. Although hepatocytes have been isolated for decades, the hunt for relevant alternative systems has only just begun.
1,085 citations
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University of Perugia1, Dresden University of Technology2, Leiden University Medical Center3, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens4, University of Padua5, University of Birmingham6, University of Ferrara7, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc8, University of Cambridge9, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico10, University of Pisa11, University of Düsseldorf12, Medical University of Vienna13, Karolinska University Hospital14, Charles University in Prague15, University of Brescia16, Aarhus University Hospital17, University of Amsterdam18, University Hospital Bonn19
TL;DR: The updated recommendations provide physicians and patients with updated consensus guidance on the management of SLE, combining evidence-base and expert-opinion, based on emerging new evidence.
Abstract: Our objective was to update the EULAR recommendations for the management of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), based on emerging new evidence. We performed a systematic literature review (01/2007-12/2017), followed by modified Delphi method, to form questions, elicit expert opinions and reach consensus. Treatment in SLE aims at remission or low disease activity and prevention of flares. Hydroxychloroquine is recommended in all patients with lupus, at a dose not exceeding 5 mg/kg real body weight. During chronic maintenance treatment, glucocorticoids (GC) should be minimised to less than 7.5 mg/day (prednisone equivalent) and, when possible, withdrawn. Appropriate initiation of immunomodulatory agents (methotrexate, azathioprine, mycophenolate) can expedite the tapering/discontinuation of GC. In persistently active or flaring extrarenal disease, add-on belimumab should be considered; rituximab (RTX) may be considered in organ-threatening, refractory disease. Updated specific recommendations are also provided for cutaneous, neuropsychiatric, haematological and renal disease. Patients with SLE should be assessed for their antiphospholipid antibody status, infectious and cardiovascular diseases risk profile and preventative strategies be tailored accordingly. The updated recommendations provide physicians and patients with updated consensus guidance on the management of SLE, combining evidence-base and expert-opinion.
1,079 citations
Authors
Showing all 25575 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Karl J. Friston | 217 | 1267 | 217169 |
Roderick T. Bronson | 169 | 679 | 107702 |
Stanley B. Prusiner | 168 | 745 | 97528 |
Ralph A. DeFronzo | 160 | 759 | 132993 |
Monique M.B. Breteler | 159 | 546 | 93762 |
Thomas Meitinger | 155 | 716 | 108491 |
Karl Zilles | 138 | 692 | 72733 |
Ruben C. Gur | 136 | 741 | 61312 |
Alexis Brice | 135 | 870 | 83466 |
Michael Schmitt | 134 | 2007 | 114667 |
Michael Weller | 134 | 1105 | 91874 |
Helmut Sies | 133 | 670 | 78319 |
Peter T. Fox | 131 | 622 | 83369 |
Yuri S. Kivshar | 126 | 1845 | 79415 |
Markus M. Nöthen | 125 | 943 | 83156 |