Institution
University of Turin
Education•Turin, Piemonte, Italy•
About: University of Turin is a education organization based out in Turin, Piemonte, Italy. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Cancer. The organization has 29607 authors who have published 77952 publications receiving 2480900 citations. The organization is also known as: Universita degli Studi di Torino & Università degli Studi di Torino.
Topics: Population, Cancer, Medicine, Transplantation, Context (language use)
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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National Institutes of Health1, Cardiff University2, Erasmus University Rotterdam3, VU University Amsterdam4, University of Manchester5, University College London6, University of Helsinki7, University of Oulu8, Georgetown University9, Johns Hopkins University10, Illumina11, University Hospital of Wales12, University of Eastern Finland13, University of Miami14, University of Turin15, University of Cagliari16, The Catholic University of America17, Microsoft18, University of Toronto19, University of Würzburg20, University of Washington21, Aneurin Bevan University Health Board22
TL;DR: The chromosome 9p21 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-frontotemporal dementia (ALS-FTD) locus contains one of the last major unidentified autosomal-dominant genes underlying these common neurodegenerative diseases, and a large hexanucleotide repeat expansion in the first intron of C9ORF72 is shown.
3,784 citations
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TL;DR: It is shown that chronic activation of both human and murine CD4+T cells in the presence of interleukin (IL)-10 gives rise to CD4-T-cell clones with low proliferative capacity, producing high levels ofIL-10, low levels of IL-2 and no IL-4.
Abstract: Induction and maintenance of peripheral tolerance are important mechanisms to maintain the balance of the immune system. In addition to the deletion of T cells and their failure to respond in certain circumstances, active suppression mediated by T cells or T-cell factors has been proposed as a mechanism for maintaining peripheral tolerance. However, the inability to isolate and clone regulatory T cells involved in antigen-specific inhibition of immune responses has made it difficult to understand the mechanisms underlying such active suppression. Here we show that chronic activation of both human and murine CD4+ T cells in the presence of interleukin (IL)-10 gives rise to CD4+ T-cell clones with low proliferative capacity, producing high levels of IL-10, low levels of IL-2 and no IL-4. These antigen-specific T-cell clones suppress the proliferation of CD4+ T cells in response to antigen, and prevent colitis induced in SCID mice by pathogenic CD4+CD45RB(high) splenic T cells. Thus IL-10 drives the generation of a CD4+ T-cell subset, designated T regulatory cells 1 (Tr1), which suppresses antigen-specific immune responses and actively downregulates a pathological immune response in vivo.
3,782 citations
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Mariachiara Di Cesare1, Mariachiara Di Cesare2, James Bentham2, Gretchen A Stevens3 +738 more•Institutions (60)
TL;DR: The posterior probability of meeting the target of halting by 2025 the rise in obesity at its 2010 levels, if post-2000 trends continue, is calculated.
3,766 citations
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Howard Hughes Medical Institute1, Johns Hopkins University2, Swim Across America3, Boston University4, University of Turin5, Life Technologies6, Indiana University Health7, Indiana University8, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research9, University of Pennsylvania10, University of Ulsan11, University of São Paulo12, Amgen13, Karolinska Institutet14, University of Colorado Boulder15, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center16, Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis17
TL;DR: The ability of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) to detect tumors in 640 patients with various cancer types was evaluated and suggested that ctDNA is a broadly applicable, sensitive, and specific biomarker that can be used for a variety of clinical and research purposes.
Abstract: The development of noninvasive methods to detect and monitor tumors continues to be a major challenge in oncology. We used digital polymerase chain reaction-based technologies to evaluate the ability of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) to detect tumors in 640 patients with various cancer types. We found that ctDNA was detectable in >75% of patients with advanced pancreatic, ovarian, colorectal, bladder, gastroesophageal, breast, melanoma, hepatocellular, and head and neck cancers, but in less than 50% of primary brain, renal, prostate, or thyroid cancers. In patients with localized tumors, ctDNA was detected in 73, 57, 48, and 50% of patients with colorectal cancer, gastroesophageal cancer, pancreatic cancer, and breast adenocarcinoma, respectively. ctDNA was often present in patients without detectable circulating tumor cells, suggesting that these two biomarkers are distinct entities. In a separate panel of 206 patients with metastatic colorectal cancers, we showed that the sensitivity of ctDNA for detection of clinically relevant KRAS gene mutations was 87.2% and its specificity was 99.2%. Finally, we assessed whether ctDNA could provide clues into the mechanisms underlying resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor blockade in 24 patients who objectively responded to therapy but subsequently relapsed. Twenty-three (96%) of these patients developed one or more mutations in genes involved in the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Together, these data suggest that ctDNA is a broadly applicable, sensitive, and specific biomarker that can be used for a variety of clinical and research purposes in patients with multiple different types of cancer.
3,533 citations
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University of Melbourne1, Singapore National Eye Center2, Allergan3, Aarhus University4, National Yang-Ming University5, University of London6, University of Southern Denmark7, Colorado School of Public Health8, Erasmus University Rotterdam9, Yamagata University10, University of Wisconsin-Madison11, L V Prasad Eye Institute12, University of Warwick13, University of Pittsburgh14, University of Turin15, Madras Medical College16, Rutgers University17, The Heart Research Institute18, Johns Hopkins University19, University of Southern California20, University of Sydney21, Capital Medical University22, Kyushu University23, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention24, National University of Singapore25
TL;DR: Longer diabetes duration and poorer glycemic and blood pressure control are strongly associated with DR, and these data highlight the substantial worldwide public health burden of DR and the importance of modifiable risk factors in its occurrence.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE To examine the global prevalence and major risk factors for diabetic retinopathy (DR) and vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy (VTDR) among people with diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A pooled analysis using individual participant data from population-based studies around the world was performed. A systematic literature review was conducted to identify all population-based studies in general populations or individuals with diabetes who had ascertained DR from retinal photographs. Studies provided data for DR end points, including any DR, proliferative DR, diabetic macular edema, and VTDR, and also major systemic risk factors. Pooled prevalence estimates were directly age-standardized to the 2010 World Diabetes Population aged 20–79 years. RESULTS A total of 35 studies (1980–2008) provided data from 22,896 individuals with diabetes. The overall prevalence was 34.6% (95% CI 34.5–34.8) for any DR, 6.96% (6.87–7.04) for proliferative DR, 6.81% (6.74–6.89) for diabetic macular edema, and 10.2% (10.1–10.3) for VTDR. All DR prevalence end points increased with diabetes duration, hemoglobin A 1c , and blood pressure levels and were higher in people with type 1 compared with type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS There are approximately 93 million people with DR, 17 million with proliferative DR, 21 million with diabetic macular edema, and 28 million with VTDR worldwide. Longer diabetes duration and poorer glycemic and blood pressure control are strongly associated with DR. These data highlight the substantial worldwide public health burden of DR and the importance of modifiable risk factors in its occurrence. This study is limited by data pooled from studies at different time points, with different methodologies and population characteristics.
3,282 citations
Authors
Showing all 30045 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Michael Grätzel | 248 | 1423 | 303599 |
Lewis C. Cantley | 196 | 748 | 169037 |
Kenneth C. Anderson | 178 | 1138 | 126072 |
Elio Riboli | 158 | 1136 | 110499 |
Giacomo Bruno | 158 | 1687 | 124368 |
Silvia Franceschi | 155 | 1340 | 112504 |
Thomas E. Starzl | 150 | 1625 | 91704 |
Paolo Boffetta | 148 | 1455 | 93876 |
Marco Costa | 146 | 1458 | 105096 |
Pier Paolo Pandolfi | 146 | 529 | 88334 |
Andrew Ivanov | 142 | 1812 | 97390 |
Chiara Mariotti | 141 | 1426 | 98157 |
Tomas Ganz | 141 | 480 | 73316 |
Jean-Pierre Changeux | 138 | 672 | 76462 |
Dong-Chul Son | 138 | 1370 | 98686 |