Utsunomiya University

About: Utsunomiya University is a education organization based out in Utsunomiya, Japan. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Laser & Holography. The organization has 4139 authors who have published 6812 publications receiving 91975 citations. The organization is also known as: Utsunomiya daigaku.

Genotypic differences in effects of cadmium on growth and nutrient compositions in wheat

Abstract: A solution culture study was conducted to determine the genotypic difference in the effects of cadmium (Cd) addition on growth and on the uptake and distribution of Cd and other 11 nutrients in wheat plants Cadmium addition at a rate of 1 mg L−1 significantly reduced root and shoot dry matter production, shoot height, root length, chlorophyll content, and tillers per plant On the average of 16 wheat genotypes used in study, Cd concentrations of Cd‐treated plants were 481 and 459 μg g−1 dry weight (DW) in shoots and roots, respectively, and retained 7791% of total Cd taken up in the roots On the whole, Cd addition reduced the concentration of sulfur (S), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), molybdenum (Mo), manganese (Mn), and boron (B), and increased iron (Fe), irrespective of the plant parts The effect of Cd on the concentration of potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and copper (Cu) differed in shoots and roots The significant difference existed among 16 wheat genotypes in their response to Cd in ter

Effects of brassinosteroids on conditioning and germination of clover broomrape (Orobanche minor) seeds

Abstract: Brassinolide [2α, 3α, 22R,23R-tetrahydroxy-24S-methyl-B-homo-7-oxa-5-α-cholestan-6-one] and its related compounds, brassinosteroids, applied at the early stages of conditioning shortened the conditioning period required before clover broomrape seeds would germinate after exposure to germination stimulants, such as dl-strigol and natural stimulants from red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) root exudate. Brassinosteroids applied after conditioning increased the rate of the seed germination induced by these stimulants. The inhibitory effect of light on seed germination when it was induced by dl-strigol could be overcome by brassinosteroids. Brassinosteroids also eliminated the inhibitory effects of light and dl-strigol applied at the early stages of conditioning. GA3 was also effective in causing seed conditioning and increased the rate of the germination induced by these stimulants. There was a relationship between brassinosteroids and GA3 in many of the experiments conducted. These findings may have practical implications in increasing the effectiveness of applying germination stimulants in the field to soils for ‘suicidal germination’ of broomrape seeds.

Biofilm Formation and Degradation of Commercially Available Biodegradable Plastic Films by Bacterial Consortiums in Freshwater Environments.

Abstract: We investigated biofilm formation on biodegradable plastics in freshwater samples. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBH) was covered by a biofilm after an incubation in freshwater samples. A next generation sequencing analysis of the bacterial communities of biofilms that formed on PHBH films revealed the dominance of the order Burkholderiales. Furthermore, Acidovorax and Undibacterium were the predominant genera in most biofilms. Twenty-five out of 28 PHBH-degrading isolates were assigned to the genus Acidovorax, while the other three were assigned to the genera Undibacterium and Chitinimonas. These results demonstrated that the order Burkholderiales in biofilms functions as a degrader of PHBH films.

Fluridone and norflurazon, carotenoid-biosynthesis inhibitors, promote seed conditioning and germination of the holoparasite Orobanche minor.

Abstract: Fluridone and norflurazon, two carotenoid-biosynthesis inhibitors, shortened the conditioning period required by seeds of Orobanche minor in order to respond to the germination stimulant strigol. Neither fluridone nor norflurazon alone induced seed germination of O. minor, they promoted strigol-induced germination. In addition, these compounds restored the conditioning and germination of seeds at a supraoptimal temperature (30 degrees C) as well as in the light. Gibberellic acid (GA(3)) showed similar promotive and protective effects on the conditioning and germination of O. minor seeds. Although fluridone and norflurazon are known to prevent abscisic acid (ABA)-biosynthesis, and stresses such as supraoptimal temperatures have been reported to induce ABA accumulation in plants, the amount of ABA in the seeds or that released from the seeds into the conditioning media was not affected by the fluridone treatment and by exposure to the supraoptimal temperature. These results indicate that the promotive and protective effects of fluridone and norflurazon on the conditioning and germination of O. minor seeds would be attributed to other perturbations rather than the inhibition of ABA-biosynthesis.

A Simple Procedure for the Preparation of Bovine Milk Fat Globule Membrane and a Comparison of Its Composition, Enzymatic Activities, and Electrophoretic Properties with Those Prepared by Other Methods

Abstract: A simple and rapid procedure for the preparation of milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) is proposed. The membrane fragments released from bovine milk fat globules were recovered as MFGM by acidification at pH 4.8 and centrifugation (AC-MFGM). The yield, gross compositions, enzymatic activities, and electrophoretic properties of the resultant MFGM were compared with those of MFGMs recovered by ultracentrifugation (UC-MFGM) and by salting out (SA-MFGM). The different methods for recovering MFGM had significant effects principally on the lipid content and protein composition of MFGM. Of the three MFGMs, AC-MFGM had a moderate lipid content, while UC-MFGM had the lowest and SA-MFGM the highest. High activities of marker enzymes for plasma membrane in AC- and UC-MFGM were retained but not in SA-MFGM. Glycoproteins PAS-6 and -7 were preferentially released from UC-MFGM. The pH was a factor in causing the release of these glycoproteins. The release of PAS-6 and -7 was also ascertained by the decrease in UC-MFGM of ...