Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease : report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer's Disease
Guy M. McKhann,David A. Drachman,Marshall F. Folstein,Robert Katzman,Donald L. Price,Emanuel M. Stadlan +5 more
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TLDR
The criteria proposed are intended to serve as a guide for the diagnosis of probable, possible, and definite Alzheimer's disease; these criteria will be revised as more definitive information becomes available.Abstract:
Clinical criteria for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease include insidious onset and progressive impairment of memory and other cognitive functions. There are no motor, sensory, or coordination deficits early in the disease. The diagnosis cannot be determined by laboratory tests. These tests are important primarily in identifying other possible causes of dementia that must be excluded before the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease may be made with confidence. Neuropsychological tests provide confirmatory evidence of the diagnosis of dementia and help to assess the course and response to therapy. The criteria proposed are intended to serve as a guide for the diagnosis of probable, possible, and definite Alzheimer's disease; these criteria will be revised as more definitive information become available.read more
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The effects of tobacco smoke and nicotine on cognition and the brain.
TL;DR: The reviewed evidence suggests caution with the use of medicinal nicotine in pregnant mothers and older adults at risk for certain neurological disease, and the assessment of cognition-related genotypes to better understand the role of interactions between smoking/nicotine and variation in genotype in determining susceptibility to the neurotoxic effects of smoking and the putative beneficial effects of medicinal Nicotine.
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Age-specific incidence of Alzheimer's disease in a community population
Liesi E. Hebert,Paul A. Scherr,Laurel A. Beckett,Marilyn S. Albert,David M. Pilgrim,Marilyn J. Chown,H. Harris Funkenstein,Denis A. Evans +7 more
TL;DR: The incidence of Alzheimer's disease is substantial and is approximately 14 times higher among persons older than 85 years compared with those between 65 and 69 years of age.
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Prospective Study of Alcohol Consumption and Risk of Dementia in Older Adults
Kenneth J. Mukamal,Lewis H. Kuller,Annette L. Fitzpatrick,W. T. Longstreth,Murray A. Mittleman,David S. Siscovick +5 more
TL;DR: Compared with abstention, consumption of 1 to 6 drinks weekly is associated with a lower risk of incident dementia among older adults and generally similar relationships of alcohol use with Alzheimer disease and vascular dementia.
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Head injury and the risk of AD in the MIRAGE study
Z. Guo,L. A. Cupples,Alexander Kurz,Sanford Auerbach,Ladislav Volicer,Helena C. Chui,Robert C. Green,A D Sadovnick,Ranjan Duara,Charles DeCarli,Keith A. Johnson,Rodney C.P. Go,John H. Growdon,Jonathan L. Haines,Walter A. Kukull,Lindsay A. Farrer +15 more
TL;DR: The influence of head injury on the risk of AD appears to be greater among persons lacking APOE-ε4 compared with those having one or two ε4 alleles, suggesting that these risk factors may have a common biologic underpinning.
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Vascular Cognitive Impairment
TL;DR: These drugs were originally developed for Alzheimer's disease on the basis of the cholinergic hypothesis; much is made of the presence of a cholineergic deficit in vascular dementia, which probably occurs because of ischemic damage to the cholergic projections, but this is proportionately considerably less than is seen in Alzheimer disease as mentioned in this paper.
References
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“Mini-mental state”: A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician
Marshal F. Folstein,Marshal F. Folstein,Susan E B Folstein,Susan E B Folstein,Paul R. McHugh,Paul R. McHugh +5 more
TL;DR: A simplified, scored form of the cognitive mental status examination, the “Mini-Mental State” (MMS) which includes eleven questions, requires only 5-10 min to administer, and is therefore practical to use serially and routinely.
A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician
TL;DR: The Mini-Mental State (MMS) as mentioned in this paper is a simplified version of the standard WAIS with eleven questions and requires only 5-10 min to administer, and is therefore practical to use serially and routinely.
Journal ArticleDOI
Studies of illness in the aged. the index of adl: a standardized measure of biological and psychosocial function.
TL;DR: The Index of ADL as discussed by the authors was developed to study results of treatment and prognosis in the elderly and chronically ill. Grades of the Index summarize over-all performance in bathing, dressing, going to toilet, transferring, continence, and feeding.
Journal ArticleDOI
Development of a Rating Scale for Primary Depressive Illness
TL;DR: This is an account of further work on a rating scale for depressive states, including a detailed discussion on the general problems of comparing successive samples from a ‘population’, the meaning of factor scores, and the other results obtained.
Journal ArticleDOI
Assessment of older people: self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living
M. P. Lawton,Elmne M. Brody +1 more
TL;DR: Two scales first standardized on their own population are presented, one of which taps a level of functioning heretofore inadequately represented in attempts to assess everyday functional competence, and the other taps a schema of competence into which these behaviors fit.