Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease : report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer's Disease
Guy M. McKhann,David A. Drachman,Marshall F. Folstein,Robert Katzman,Donald L. Price,Emanuel M. Stadlan +5 more
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TLDR
The criteria proposed are intended to serve as a guide for the diagnosis of probable, possible, and definite Alzheimer's disease; these criteria will be revised as more definitive information becomes available.Abstract:
Clinical criteria for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease include insidious onset and progressive impairment of memory and other cognitive functions. There are no motor, sensory, or coordination deficits early in the disease. The diagnosis cannot be determined by laboratory tests. These tests are important primarily in identifying other possible causes of dementia that must be excluded before the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease may be made with confidence. Neuropsychological tests provide confirmatory evidence of the diagnosis of dementia and help to assess the course and response to therapy. The criteria proposed are intended to serve as a guide for the diagnosis of probable, possible, and definite Alzheimer's disease; these criteria will be revised as more definitive information become available.read more
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Prevalence and patterns of cognitive impairment in sporadic ALS.
G. M. Ringholz,Stanley H. Appel,Major R. Bradshaw,Norma Cooke,Diane M. Mosnik,Diane M. Mosnik,Paul E. Schulz,Paul E. Schulz +7 more
TL;DR: These data confirm the presence of cognitive impairment in 50% of patients with ALS and particularly implicate executive dysfunction and mild memory decline in the disease process and have features consistent with FTD.
Journal ArticleDOI
Apolipoprotein E status as a predictor of the development of Alzheimer's disease in memory-impaired individuals.
Ronald C. Petersen,Glenn E. Smith,Robert J. Ivnik,Eric G. Tangalos,Daniel J. Schaid,Stephen N. Thibodeau,Emre Kokmen,Stephen C. Waring,Leonard T. Kurland +8 more
TL;DR: Patients with mild cognitive impairment can be clinically defined, many members of this group progress to Alzheimer's disease, and APOE epsilon 4 allele status appears to be a strong predictor of clinical progression.
Journal ArticleDOI
Comparison of Different MRI Brain Atrophy Rate Measures with Clinical Disease Progression in AD
C. R. Jack,Maria Shiung,Jeffrey L. Gunter,P. C. O'Brien,Stephen D. Weigand,D. S. Knopman,B. F. Boeve,Robert J. Ivnik,Glenn E. Smith,Ruth H. Cha,Eric G. Tangalos,R. C. Petersen +11 more
TL;DR: These data support the use of rates of change from serial MRI studies in addition to standard clinical/psychometric measures as surrogate markers of disease progression in AD, and atrophy on MRI was detected more consistently than decline on specific cognitive tests/rating scales.
Journal ArticleDOI
Bilingualism as a protection against the onset of symptoms of dementia.
TL;DR: The bilinguals showed symptoms of dementia 4 years later than monolinguals, and the rate of decline in Mini-Mental State Examination scores over the 4 years subsequent to the diagnosis was the same for a subset of patients in the two groups, suggesting a shift in onset age with no change in rate of progression.
Journal ArticleDOI
Impaired proteasome function in Alzheimer's disease.
TL;DR: Proteasome activity in short‐postmortem‐interval autopsied brains from 16 Alzheimer's disease and nine age‐ and sex‐matched controls is analyzed to indicate a possible role for proteasome inhibition in the neurodegeneration associated with AD.
References
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“Mini-mental state”: A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician
Marshal F. Folstein,Marshal F. Folstein,Susan E B Folstein,Susan E B Folstein,Paul R. McHugh,Paul R. McHugh +5 more
TL;DR: A simplified, scored form of the cognitive mental status examination, the “Mini-Mental State” (MMS) which includes eleven questions, requires only 5-10 min to administer, and is therefore practical to use serially and routinely.
A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician
TL;DR: The Mini-Mental State (MMS) as mentioned in this paper is a simplified version of the standard WAIS with eleven questions and requires only 5-10 min to administer, and is therefore practical to use serially and routinely.
Journal ArticleDOI
Studies of illness in the aged. the index of adl: a standardized measure of biological and psychosocial function.
TL;DR: The Index of ADL as discussed by the authors was developed to study results of treatment and prognosis in the elderly and chronically ill. Grades of the Index summarize over-all performance in bathing, dressing, going to toilet, transferring, continence, and feeding.
Journal ArticleDOI
Development of a Rating Scale for Primary Depressive Illness
TL;DR: This is an account of further work on a rating scale for depressive states, including a detailed discussion on the general problems of comparing successive samples from a ‘population’, the meaning of factor scores, and the other results obtained.
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Assessment of older people: self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living
M. P. Lawton,Elmne M. Brody +1 more
TL;DR: Two scales first standardized on their own population are presented, one of which taps a level of functioning heretofore inadequately represented in attempts to assess everyday functional competence, and the other taps a schema of competence into which these behaviors fit.