Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease : report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer's Disease
Guy M. McKhann,David A. Drachman,Marshall F. Folstein,Robert Katzman,Donald L. Price,Emanuel M. Stadlan +5 more
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TLDR
The criteria proposed are intended to serve as a guide for the diagnosis of probable, possible, and definite Alzheimer's disease; these criteria will be revised as more definitive information becomes available.Abstract:
Clinical criteria for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease include insidious onset and progressive impairment of memory and other cognitive functions. There are no motor, sensory, or coordination deficits early in the disease. The diagnosis cannot be determined by laboratory tests. These tests are important primarily in identifying other possible causes of dementia that must be excluded before the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease may be made with confidence. Neuropsychological tests provide confirmatory evidence of the diagnosis of dementia and help to assess the course and response to therapy. The criteria proposed are intended to serve as a guide for the diagnosis of probable, possible, and definite Alzheimer's disease; these criteria will be revised as more definitive information become available.read more
Citations
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Alzheimer disease in the United States (2010-2050) estimated using the 2010 census.
TL;DR: The number of people in the United States with AD dementia will increase dramatically in the next 40 years unless preventive measures are developed.
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Oxidative stress hypothesis in alzheimer's disease
TL;DR: Supporting indirect evidence comes from a variety of in vitro studies showing that free radicals are capable of mediating neuron degeneration and death, suggesting that therapeutic efforts aimed at removal of ROS or prevention of their formation may be beneficial in AD.
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Variant of TREM2 associated with the risk of Alzheimer's disease
Thorlakur Jonsson,Hreinn Stefansson,Stacy Steinberg,Ingileif Jonsdottir,Palmi V. Jonsson,Jon Snaedal,Sigurbjorn Bjornsson,Johanna Huttenlocher,Allan I. Levey,James J. Lah,Dan Rujescu,Harald Hampel,Ina Giegling,Ole A. Andreassen,Knut Engedal,Ingun Ulstein,Srdjan Djurovic,Carla A. Ibrahim-Verbaas,Albert Hofman,M. Arfan Ikram,Cornelia M. van Duijn,Unnur Thorsteinsdottir,Augustine Kong,Kari Stefansson +23 more
TL;DR: These findings strongly implicate variant TREM2 in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and find that carriers of rs75932628-T between the ages of 80 and 100 years without Alzheimer’s disease had poorer cognitive function than noncarriers.
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Silent brain infarcts and the risk of dementia and cognitive decline
Sarah E. Vermeer,Niels D. Prins,Tom den Heijer,Albert Hofman,Peter J. Koudstaal,Monique M.B. Breteler +5 more
TL;DR: Elderly people with silent brain infarcts have an increased risk of dementia and a steeper decline in cognitive function than those without such lesions.
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Synapse loss in frontal cortex biopsies in Alzheimer's disease: Correlation with cognitive severity
TL;DR: The loss of neuronal connectivity, indexed by loss of synapses, predicted the degree of cognitive impairment in the patients who underwent biopsy and indicated a degree of structural change in AD brain not likely to be affected by pharmacotherapy.
References
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Marshal F. Folstein,Marshal F. Folstein,Susan E B Folstein,Susan E B Folstein,Paul R. McHugh,Paul R. McHugh +5 more
TL;DR: A simplified, scored form of the cognitive mental status examination, the “Mini-Mental State” (MMS) which includes eleven questions, requires only 5-10 min to administer, and is therefore practical to use serially and routinely.
A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician
TL;DR: The Mini-Mental State (MMS) as mentioned in this paper is a simplified version of the standard WAIS with eleven questions and requires only 5-10 min to administer, and is therefore practical to use serially and routinely.
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TL;DR: The Index of ADL as discussed by the authors was developed to study results of treatment and prognosis in the elderly and chronically ill. Grades of the Index summarize over-all performance in bathing, dressing, going to toilet, transferring, continence, and feeding.
Journal ArticleDOI
Development of a Rating Scale for Primary Depressive Illness
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Assessment of older people: self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living
M. P. Lawton,Elmne M. Brody +1 more
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