Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease : report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer's Disease
Guy M. McKhann,David A. Drachman,Marshall F. Folstein,Robert Katzman,Donald L. Price,Emanuel M. Stadlan +5 more
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TLDR
The criteria proposed are intended to serve as a guide for the diagnosis of probable, possible, and definite Alzheimer's disease; these criteria will be revised as more definitive information becomes available.Abstract:
Clinical criteria for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease include insidious onset and progressive impairment of memory and other cognitive functions. There are no motor, sensory, or coordination deficits early in the disease. The diagnosis cannot be determined by laboratory tests. These tests are important primarily in identifying other possible causes of dementia that must be excluded before the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease may be made with confidence. Neuropsychological tests provide confirmatory evidence of the diagnosis of dementia and help to assess the course and response to therapy. The criteria proposed are intended to serve as a guide for the diagnosis of probable, possible, and definite Alzheimer's disease; these criteria will be revised as more definitive information become available.read more
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Role of Genes and Environments for Explaining Alzheimer Disease
Margaret Gatz,Chandra A. Reynolds,Laura Fratiglioni,Boo Johansson,James A. Mortimer,Stig Berg,Amy Fiske,Nancy L. Pedersen +7 more
TL;DR: In the largest twin study to date, heritability for AD is high and that the same genetic factors are influential for both men and women, however, nongenetic risk factors also play an important role and might be the focus for interventions to reduce disease risk or delay disease onset.
Journal ArticleDOI
Decreased prevalence of Alzheimer disease associated with 3-hydroxy-3-methyglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors.
TL;DR: There is a lower prevalence of diagnosed probable AD in patients taking 2 different 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors-lovastatin and pravastatin, which warrants further study.
Journal ArticleDOI
Reliability and validity of the apathy evaluation scale
TL;DR: Evidence for the reliability and construct validity of the Apathy Evaluation Scale is presented and guidelines for the administration of the AES are presented, along with suggestions for potential applications of the scale to clinical and research questions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Validation of the NPI-Q, a brief clinical form of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory
Daniel I. Kaufer,Jeffrey L. Cummings,Jeffrey L. Cummings,Patrick Ketchel,Patrick Ketchel,Vanessa Smith,Vanessa Smith,Audrey MacMillan,Audrey MacMillan,Timothy Shelley,Timothy Shelley,Oscar L. Lopez,Oscar L. Lopez,Steven T. DeKosky,Steven T. DeKosky +14 more
TL;DR: A brief questionnaire form of the NPI (NPI-Q), intended for use in routine clinical practice, is developed and cross-validated in 60 Alzheimer's patients, providing a brief, reliable, informant-based assessment of neuropsychiatric symptoms and associated caregiver distress.
Journal ArticleDOI
Long-term effects of Aβ42 immunisation in Alzheimer's disease: follow-up of a randomised, placebo-controlled phase I trial
Clive Holmes,Clive Holmes,Delphine Boche,David Wilkinson,David Wilkinson,Ghasem Yadegarfar,Ghasem Yadegarfar,Vivienne Hopkins,Antony James Bayer,Roy W. Jones,Roger Bullock,Seth Love,James Neal,Elina Zotova,James A. R. Nicoll +14 more
TL;DR: Although immunisation with Abeta(42) resulted in clearance of amyloid plaques in patients with Alzheimer's disease, this clearance did not prevent progressive neurodegeneration and there was no evidence of improved survival.
References
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“Mini-mental state”: A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician
Marshal F. Folstein,Marshal F. Folstein,Susan E B Folstein,Susan E B Folstein,Paul R. McHugh,Paul R. McHugh +5 more
TL;DR: A simplified, scored form of the cognitive mental status examination, the “Mini-Mental State” (MMS) which includes eleven questions, requires only 5-10 min to administer, and is therefore practical to use serially and routinely.
A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician
TL;DR: The Mini-Mental State (MMS) as mentioned in this paper is a simplified version of the standard WAIS with eleven questions and requires only 5-10 min to administer, and is therefore practical to use serially and routinely.
Journal ArticleDOI
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TL;DR: The Index of ADL as discussed by the authors was developed to study results of treatment and prognosis in the elderly and chronically ill. Grades of the Index summarize over-all performance in bathing, dressing, going to toilet, transferring, continence, and feeding.
Journal ArticleDOI
Development of a Rating Scale for Primary Depressive Illness
TL;DR: This is an account of further work on a rating scale for depressive states, including a detailed discussion on the general problems of comparing successive samples from a ‘population’, the meaning of factor scores, and the other results obtained.
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Assessment of older people: self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living
M. P. Lawton,Elmne M. Brody +1 more
TL;DR: Two scales first standardized on their own population are presented, one of which taps a level of functioning heretofore inadequately represented in attempts to assess everyday functional competence, and the other taps a schema of competence into which these behaviors fit.