Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease : report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer's Disease
Guy M. McKhann,David A. Drachman,Marshall F. Folstein,Robert Katzman,Donald L. Price,Emanuel M. Stadlan +5 more
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TLDR
The criteria proposed are intended to serve as a guide for the diagnosis of probable, possible, and definite Alzheimer's disease; these criteria will be revised as more definitive information becomes available.Abstract:
Clinical criteria for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease include insidious onset and progressive impairment of memory and other cognitive functions. There are no motor, sensory, or coordination deficits early in the disease. The diagnosis cannot be determined by laboratory tests. These tests are important primarily in identifying other possible causes of dementia that must be excluded before the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease may be made with confidence. Neuropsychological tests provide confirmatory evidence of the diagnosis of dementia and help to assess the course and response to therapy. The criteria proposed are intended to serve as a guide for the diagnosis of probable, possible, and definite Alzheimer's disease; these criteria will be revised as more definitive information become available.read more
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Cerebrospinal Fluid β-Amyloid 42 and Tau Proteins as Biomarkers of Alzheimer-Type Pathologic Changes in the Brain
Tero Tapiola,Irina Alafuzoff,Sanna-Kaisa Herukka,Laura Parkkinen,Päivi Hartikainen,Hilkka Soininen,Tuula Pirttilä +6 more
TL;DR: Cerebrospinal fluid Abeta42 and tau proteins are biomarkers of AD-associated pathologic changes in the brain and the combination of abnormally low CSF Abeta 42 level and abnormally high CSF tau level predicted the presence of AD pathologic features with high accuracy.
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Changes in hippocampal connectivity in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease: evidence from resting state fMRI.
Liang Wang,Yu-Feng Zang,Yong He,Meng Liang,Xinqing Zhang,Lixia Tian,Tao Wu,Tianzi Jiang,Kuncheng Li +8 more
TL;DR: It is found that functional connectivity between the right hippocampus and a set of regions was disrupted in AD, and the disrupted hippocampal connectivity to the MPFC, vACC and PCC provides further support for decreased activity in "default mode network" previously shown in AD.
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Rates and risk factors for dementia and Alzheimer’s disease Results from EURODEM pooled analyses
Lenore J. Launer,Kjeld Andersen,Michael E. Dewey,Luc Letenneur,Alewijn Ott,L. Amaducci,Carol Brayne,John R. M. Copeland,J. F. Dartigues,Per Kragh-Sørensen,A. Lobo,J. M. Martinez-Lage,Theo Stijnen,Albert Hofman +13 more
TL;DR: Female gender, current smoking, and low levels of education, and current smoking increased the risk of AD significantly, while head trauma was not a risk factor for AD, and smoking did not protect against AD.
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Alzheimer Disease as a Vascular Disorder: Nosological Evidence
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors concluded that sporadic (nongenetic) AD is primarily a vascular rather than a neurodegenerative disorder, based on epidemiological studies showing that practically all risk factors for AD reported thus far have a vascular component that reduces cerebral perfusion.
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Aortic Pulse Wave Velocity Predicts Cardiovascular Mortality in Subjects >70 Years of Age
TL;DR: In subjects 70 to 100 years old, aortic PWV is a strong, independent predictor of cardiovascular death, whereas systolic or pulse pressure was not, and this prospective result will need to be confirmed in an intervention trial.
References
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“Mini-mental state”: A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician
Marshal F. Folstein,Marshal F. Folstein,Susan E B Folstein,Susan E B Folstein,Paul R. McHugh,Paul R. McHugh +5 more
TL;DR: A simplified, scored form of the cognitive mental status examination, the “Mini-Mental State” (MMS) which includes eleven questions, requires only 5-10 min to administer, and is therefore practical to use serially and routinely.
A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician
TL;DR: The Mini-Mental State (MMS) as mentioned in this paper is a simplified version of the standard WAIS with eleven questions and requires only 5-10 min to administer, and is therefore practical to use serially and routinely.
Journal ArticleDOI
Studies of illness in the aged. the index of adl: a standardized measure of biological and psychosocial function.
TL;DR: The Index of ADL as discussed by the authors was developed to study results of treatment and prognosis in the elderly and chronically ill. Grades of the Index summarize over-all performance in bathing, dressing, going to toilet, transferring, continence, and feeding.
Journal ArticleDOI
Development of a Rating Scale for Primary Depressive Illness
TL;DR: This is an account of further work on a rating scale for depressive states, including a detailed discussion on the general problems of comparing successive samples from a ‘population’, the meaning of factor scores, and the other results obtained.
Journal ArticleDOI
Assessment of older people: self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living
M. P. Lawton,Elmne M. Brody +1 more
TL;DR: Two scales first standardized on their own population are presented, one of which taps a level of functioning heretofore inadequately represented in attempts to assess everyday functional competence, and the other taps a schema of competence into which these behaviors fit.