Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease : report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer's Disease
Guy M. McKhann,David A. Drachman,Marshall F. Folstein,Robert Katzman,Donald L. Price,Emanuel M. Stadlan +5 more
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TLDR
The criteria proposed are intended to serve as a guide for the diagnosis of probable, possible, and definite Alzheimer's disease; these criteria will be revised as more definitive information becomes available.Abstract:
Clinical criteria for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease include insidious onset and progressive impairment of memory and other cognitive functions. There are no motor, sensory, or coordination deficits early in the disease. The diagnosis cannot be determined by laboratory tests. These tests are important primarily in identifying other possible causes of dementia that must be excluded before the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease may be made with confidence. Neuropsychological tests provide confirmatory evidence of the diagnosis of dementia and help to assess the course and response to therapy. The criteria proposed are intended to serve as a guide for the diagnosis of probable, possible, and definite Alzheimer's disease; these criteria will be revised as more definitive information become available.read more
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Prevalence of Alzheimer's Disease in a Community Population of Older Persons
Denis A. Evans,H. Harris Funkenstein,Marilyn S. Albert,Paul A. Scherr,Nancy R. Cook,Marilyn J. Chown,Liesi E. Hebert,Charles H. Hennekens,James Taylor +8 more
TL;DR: The data suggest that clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease is a common condition and that its public health impact will continue to increase with increasing longevity of the population.
Journal ArticleDOI
Protective effect of apolipoprotein E type 2 allele for late onset Alzheimer disease.
Elizabeth H. Corder,Ann M. Saunders,Neil Risch,Warren J. Strittmatter,Donald E. Schmechel,P. C. Gaskell,J. B. Rimmler,P. A. Locke,Conneally Pm,Kenneth E. Schmader +9 more
TL;DR: A protective effect of the ε2 allele, in addition to the dose effect ofThe ε4 allele in sporadic AD, is demonstrated, which further support the direct involvement of APOE in the pathogenesis of AD.
Journal ArticleDOI
Revising the definition of Alzheimer's disease: a new lexicon.
Bruno Dubois,Howard Feldman,Howard Feldman,Howard Feldman,Claudia Jacova,Jeffrey L. Cummings,Steven T. DeKosky,Pascale Barberger-Gateau,André Delacourte,Giovanni B. Frisoni,Nick C. Fox,Douglas Galasko,Serge Gauthier,Harald Hampel,Gregory A. Jicha,Kenichi Meguro,John T. O'Brien,Florence Pasquier,Philippe Robert,Martin N. Rossor,Steven Salloway,Marie Sarazin,Leonardo Cruz de Souza,Yaakov Stern,Pieter Jelle Visser,Pieter Jelle Visser,Philip Scheltens +26 more
TL;DR: This paper aims to advance the scientific discussion by providing broader diagnostic coverage of the AD clinical spectrum and by proposing a common lexicon as a point of reference for the clinical and research communities.
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Common variants at ABCA7, MS4A6A/MS4A4E, EPHA1, CD33 and CD2AP are associated with Alzheimer's disease.
Paul Hollingworth,Denise Harold,Rebecca Sims,Amy Gerrish,Jean-Charles Lambert,Jean-Charles Lambert,Jean-Charles Lambert,Minerva M. Carrasquillo,Richard Abraham,Marian L. Hamshere,Jaspreet Singh Pahwa,Valentina Moskvina,Kimberley Dowzell,Nicola Jones,Alexandra Stretton,Charlene Thomas,Alexander Richards,Dobril Ivanov,Caroline S. Widdowson,Jade Chapman,Simon Lovestone,John Powell,Petroula Proitsi,Michelle K. Lupton,Carol Brayne,David C. Rubinsztein,Michael Gill,Brian A. Lawlor,Aoibhinn Lynch,Kristelle Brown,Peter Passmore,David Craig,Bernadette McGuinness,Stephen Todd,Clive Holmes,David M. A. Mann,A. David Smith,Helen Beaumont,Donald Warden,Gordon K. Wilcock,Seth Love,Patrick G. Kehoe,Nigel M. Hooper,Emma R L C Vardy,John Hardy,Simon Mead,Nick C. Fox,Martin N. Rossor,John Collinge,Wolfgang Maier,Frank Jessen,Eckart Rüther,Britta Schürmann,R. Heun,Heike Kölsch,Hendrik van den Bussche,Isabella Heuser,Johannes Kornhuber,Jens Wiltfang,Martin Dichgans,Lutz Frölich,Harald Hampel,John Gallacher,Michael Hüll,Dan Rujescu,Ina Giegling,Alison Goate,John S. K. Kauwe,Carlos Cruchaga,Petra Nowotny,John C. Morris,Kevin Mayo,Kristel Sleegers,Karolien Bettens,Sebastiaan Engelborghs,Peter Paul De Deyn,Christine Van Broeckhoven,Gill Livingston,Nicholas Bass,Hugh Gurling,Andrew McQuillin,Rhian Gwilliam,Panagiotis Deloukas,Ammar Al-Chalabi,Christopher Shaw,Magda Tsolaki,Andrew B. Singleton,Rita Guerreiro,Thomas W. Mühleisen,Markus M. Nöthen,Susanne Moebus,Karl-Heinz Jöckel,Norman Klopp,H.-Erich Wichmann,V. Shane Pankratz,Sigrid Botne Sando,Jan O. Aasly,Maria Barcikowska,Zbigniew K. Wszolek,Dennis W. Dickson,Neill R. Graff-Radford,Ronald C. Petersen,Cornelia M. van Duijn,Monique M.B. Breteler,M. Arfan Ikram,Anita L. DeStefano,Annette L. Fitzpatrick,Oscar L. Lopez,Lenore J. Launer,Sudha Seshadri,Claudine Berr,Dominique Campion,Jacques Epelbaum,Jean-François Dartigues,Christophe Tzourio,Annick Alpérovitch,Mark Lathrop,T. Feulner,Patricia Friedrich,Caterina Riehle,Michael Krawczak,Stefan Schreiber,Manuel Mayhaus,S. Nicolhaus,Stefan Wagenpfeil,Stacy Steinberg,Hreinn Stefansson,Kari Stefansson,Jon Snaedal,Sigurbjorn Bjornsson,Palmi V. Jonsson,Vincent Chouraki,Vincent Chouraki,Vincent Chouraki,Benjamin Genier-Boley,Benjamin Genier-Boley,Benjamin Genier-Boley,Mikko Hiltunen,Hilkka Soininen,Onofre Combarros,Diana Zelenika,Marc Delepine,María J. Bullido,Florence Pasquier,Ignacio Mateo,Ana Frank-García,Elisa Porcellini,Olivier Hanon,Eliecer Coto,Victoria Alvarez,Paolo Bosco,Gabriele Siciliano,Michelangelo Mancuso,Francesco Panza,Vincenzo Solfrizzi,Benedetta Nacmias,Sandro Sorbi,Paola Bossù,Paola Piccardi,Beatrice Arosio,Giorgio Annoni,Davide Seripa,Alberto Pilotto,Elio Scarpini,Daniela Galimberti,Alexis Brice,Didier Hannequin,Federico Licastro,Lesley Jones,Peter Holmans,Thorlakur Jonsson,Matthias Riemenschneider,Kevin Morgan,Steven G. Younkin,Michael John Owen,Michael Conlon O'Donovan,Philippe Amouyel,Julie Williams +177 more
TL;DR: Meta-analyses of all data provided compelling evidence that ABCA7 and the MS4A gene cluster are new Alzheimer's disease susceptibility loci and independent evidence for association for three loci reported by the ADGC, which, when combined, showed genome-wide significance.
Journal ArticleDOI
Brain interleukin 1 and S-100 immunoreactivity are elevated in Down syndrome and Alzheimer disease
W. S.T. Griffin,L. C. Stanley,C. Ling,L. White,V. MacLeod,L. J. Perrot,Charles L. White,C. Araoz +7 more
TL;DR: The data suggest that increased expression of S-100 in Down syndrome, resulting from duplication of the gene on chromosome 21 that encodes the beta subunit ofS-100, may be augmented by elevation of interleukin 1, which may promote the astrogliosis in Alzheimer disease.
References
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A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician
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