Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease : report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer's Disease
Guy M. McKhann,David A. Drachman,Marshall F. Folstein,Robert Katzman,Donald L. Price,Emanuel M. Stadlan +5 more
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TLDR
The criteria proposed are intended to serve as a guide for the diagnosis of probable, possible, and definite Alzheimer's disease; these criteria will be revised as more definitive information becomes available.Abstract:
Clinical criteria for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease include insidious onset and progressive impairment of memory and other cognitive functions. There are no motor, sensory, or coordination deficits early in the disease. The diagnosis cannot be determined by laboratory tests. These tests are important primarily in identifying other possible causes of dementia that must be excluded before the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease may be made with confidence. Neuropsychological tests provide confirmatory evidence of the diagnosis of dementia and help to assess the course and response to therapy. The criteria proposed are intended to serve as a guide for the diagnosis of probable, possible, and definite Alzheimer's disease; these criteria will be revised as more definitive information become available.read more
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High-Dose B Vitamin Supplementation and Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer Disease
Paul S. Aisen,Lon S. Schneider,Mary Sano,Ramon Diaz-Arrastia,Christopher H. van Dyck,Myron F. Weiner,Teodoro Bottiglieri,Shelia Jin,Karen T. Stokes,Ronald G. Thomas,Leon J. Thal +10 more
TL;DR: Although the vitamin supplement regimen was effective in reducing homocysteine levels, it had no beneficial effect on the primary cognitive measure, rate of change in ADAS-cog score during 18 months, and this regimen of high-dose B vitamin supplements does not slow cognitive decline in individuals with mild to moderate AD.
Journal ArticleDOI
Prospective validation of consensus criteria for the diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies.
Ian G. McKeith,Clive Ballard,Robert H. Perry,Paul G. Ince,John T. O'Brien,David Neill,K. Lowery,Evelyn Jaros,Robert Barber,Peter L. Thompson,Alan C. Swann,Andrew Fairbairn,Elaine K. Perry +12 more
TL;DR: The Consensus criteria for DLB performed as well in this prospective study as those for AD and VaD, with a diagnostic sensitivity substantially higher than that reported by previous retrospective studies.
Journal ArticleDOI
fMRI studies of associative encoding in young and elderly controls and mild Alzheimer’s disease
Reisa A. Sperling,Julianna F. Bates,Elizabeth F. Chua,Andrew Cocchiarella,Dorene M. Rentz,Bruce R. Rosen,Daniel L. Schacter,Marilyn S. Albert +7 more
TL;DR: The pattern of fMRI activation during the encoding of novel associations is differentially altered in the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease compared with normal aging.
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Anatomical Mapping of White Matter Hyperintensities (WMH) Exploring the Relationships Between Periventricular WMH, Deep WMH, and Total WMH Burden
TL;DR: In this paper, MRI segmentation and mapping techniques were used to assess evidence in support of categorical distinctions between periventricular white matter hyperintensities (PVWMH) and deep WMH (DWMH).
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The Effect of Different Diagnostic Criteria on the Prevalence of Dementia
TL;DR: The commonly used criteria for diagnosis can differ by a factor of 10 in the number of subjects classified as having dementia, having serious implications for research and treatment, as well as for the right of many older persons to drive, make a will, and handle financial affairs.
References
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“Mini-mental state”: A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician
Marshal F. Folstein,Marshal F. Folstein,Susan E B Folstein,Susan E B Folstein,Paul R. McHugh,Paul R. McHugh +5 more
TL;DR: A simplified, scored form of the cognitive mental status examination, the “Mini-Mental State” (MMS) which includes eleven questions, requires only 5-10 min to administer, and is therefore practical to use serially and routinely.
A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician
TL;DR: The Mini-Mental State (MMS) as mentioned in this paper is a simplified version of the standard WAIS with eleven questions and requires only 5-10 min to administer, and is therefore practical to use serially and routinely.
Journal ArticleDOI
Studies of illness in the aged. the index of adl: a standardized measure of biological and psychosocial function.
TL;DR: The Index of ADL as discussed by the authors was developed to study results of treatment and prognosis in the elderly and chronically ill. Grades of the Index summarize over-all performance in bathing, dressing, going to toilet, transferring, continence, and feeding.
Journal ArticleDOI
Development of a Rating Scale for Primary Depressive Illness
TL;DR: This is an account of further work on a rating scale for depressive states, including a detailed discussion on the general problems of comparing successive samples from a ‘population’, the meaning of factor scores, and the other results obtained.
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Assessment of older people: self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living
M. P. Lawton,Elmne M. Brody +1 more
TL;DR: Two scales first standardized on their own population are presented, one of which taps a level of functioning heretofore inadequately represented in attempts to assess everyday functional competence, and the other taps a schema of competence into which these behaviors fit.