Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease : report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer's Disease
Guy M. McKhann,David A. Drachman,Marshall F. Folstein,Robert Katzman,Donald L. Price,Emanuel M. Stadlan +5 more
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TLDR
The criteria proposed are intended to serve as a guide for the diagnosis of probable, possible, and definite Alzheimer's disease; these criteria will be revised as more definitive information becomes available.Abstract:
Clinical criteria for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease include insidious onset and progressive impairment of memory and other cognitive functions. There are no motor, sensory, or coordination deficits early in the disease. The diagnosis cannot be determined by laboratory tests. These tests are important primarily in identifying other possible causes of dementia that must be excluded before the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease may be made with confidence. Neuropsychological tests provide confirmatory evidence of the diagnosis of dementia and help to assess the course and response to therapy. The criteria proposed are intended to serve as a guide for the diagnosis of probable, possible, and definite Alzheimer's disease; these criteria will be revised as more definitive information become available.read more
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Which neuropsychiatric and behavioural features distinguish frontal and temporal variants of frontotemporal dementia from Alzheimer's disease?
TL;DR: This questionnaire disclosed striking differences between patients with FTD and AD, but only stereotypic behaviour, changes in eating preference, disinhibition, and features of poor social awareness reliably separated the groups.
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α-Synuclein and tau concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid of patients presenting with parkinsonism: a cohort study
Brit Mollenhauer,Brit Mollenhauer,Joseph J. Locascio,Walter J. Schulz-Schaeffer,Friederike Sixel-Döring,Claudia Trenkwalder,Michael G. Schlossmacher,Michael G. Schlossmacher +7 more
TL;DR: Although specificity was low, the high positive predictive value of CSF α-synuclein concentrations in patients presenting with synucleinopathy-type parkinsonism might be useful in stratification of patients in future clinical trials.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Alzheimer's disease mitochondrial cascade hypothesis: progress and perspectives.
TL;DR: The mitochondrial cascade hypothesis unequivocally states in sporadic, late-onset AD, mitochondrial function affects amyloid precursor protein (APP) expression, APP processing, or beta amyloids (Aβ) accumulation and argues if an amyloidal cascade truly exists, mitochondria function triggers it.
Journal ArticleDOI
Plasma phosphatidylcholine docosahexaenoic acid content and risk of dementia and Alzheimer disease: the Framingham Heart Study.
Ernst J. Schaefer,Vanina Bongard,Alexa S. Beiser,Stefania Lamon-Fava,Sander J. Robins,Rhoda Au,Katherine L. Tucker,David Kyle,Peter W.F. Wilson,Philip A. Wolf +9 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a Cox proportional regression analysis was used to assess relative risks of all-cause dementia and Alzheimer disease according to baseline plasma levels, and showed that the top quartile of plasma PC DHA level was associated with a significant reduction in the risk of developing all cause dementia in the Framingham Heart Study.
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MRI of hippocampal volume loss in early Alzheimer's disease in relation to ApoE genotype and biomarkers.
Norbert Schuff,Norbert Schuff,N. Woerner,Lauren Boreta,Tess E. Kornfield,Leslie M. Shaw,John Q. Trojanowski,Paul M. Thompson,Clifford R. Jack,Michael W. Weiner,Michael W. Weiner +10 more
TL;DR: The demonstration of considerable hippocampal loss in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease patients over only 6 months and accelerated loss over 12 months illustrates the power of MRI to track morphological brain changes over time in a large multisite setting.
References
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“Mini-mental state”: A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician
Marshal F. Folstein,Marshal F. Folstein,Susan E B Folstein,Susan E B Folstein,Paul R. McHugh,Paul R. McHugh +5 more
TL;DR: A simplified, scored form of the cognitive mental status examination, the “Mini-Mental State” (MMS) which includes eleven questions, requires only 5-10 min to administer, and is therefore practical to use serially and routinely.
A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician
TL;DR: The Mini-Mental State (MMS) as mentioned in this paper is a simplified version of the standard WAIS with eleven questions and requires only 5-10 min to administer, and is therefore practical to use serially and routinely.
Journal ArticleDOI
Studies of illness in the aged. the index of adl: a standardized measure of biological and psychosocial function.
TL;DR: The Index of ADL as discussed by the authors was developed to study results of treatment and prognosis in the elderly and chronically ill. Grades of the Index summarize over-all performance in bathing, dressing, going to toilet, transferring, continence, and feeding.
Journal ArticleDOI
Development of a Rating Scale for Primary Depressive Illness
TL;DR: This is an account of further work on a rating scale for depressive states, including a detailed discussion on the general problems of comparing successive samples from a ‘population’, the meaning of factor scores, and the other results obtained.
Journal ArticleDOI
Assessment of older people: self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living
M. P. Lawton,Elmne M. Brody +1 more
TL;DR: Two scales first standardized on their own population are presented, one of which taps a level of functioning heretofore inadequately represented in attempts to assess everyday functional competence, and the other taps a schema of competence into which these behaviors fit.