Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease : report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer's Disease
Guy M. McKhann,David A. Drachman,Marshall F. Folstein,Robert Katzman,Donald L. Price,Emanuel M. Stadlan +5 more
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TLDR
The criteria proposed are intended to serve as a guide for the diagnosis of probable, possible, and definite Alzheimer's disease; these criteria will be revised as more definitive information becomes available.Abstract:
Clinical criteria for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease include insidious onset and progressive impairment of memory and other cognitive functions. There are no motor, sensory, or coordination deficits early in the disease. The diagnosis cannot be determined by laboratory tests. These tests are important primarily in identifying other possible causes of dementia that must be excluded before the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease may be made with confidence. Neuropsychological tests provide confirmatory evidence of the diagnosis of dementia and help to assess the course and response to therapy. The criteria proposed are intended to serve as a guide for the diagnosis of probable, possible, and definite Alzheimer's disease; these criteria will be revised as more definitive information become available.read more
Citations
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Estrogen Replacement Therapy for Treatment of Mild to Moderate Alzheimer Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Ruth A. Mulnard,Carl W. Cotman,Claudia H. Kawas,C H van Dyck,Mary Sano,Rachelle S. Doody,Elizabeth Koss,Eric Pfeiffer,Shelia Jin,Anthony Gamst,Michael Grundman,Ronald G. Thomas,Leon J. Thal +12 more
TL;DR: The study does not support the role of estrogen for the treatment of this disease, nor does it improve global, cognitive, or functional outcomes in women with mild to moderate AD.
Journal ArticleDOI
A semiquantative rating scale for the assessment of signal hyperintensities on magnetic resonance imaging
Philip Scheltens,Frederik Barkhof,Didier Leys,Jean-Pierre Pruvo,J. J. P. Nauta,Patrick Vermersch,Marc Steinling,Jacob Valk +7 more
TL;DR: This scale may be of use in studies especially focussing on deep white matter pathology on MRI, because it provides more detailed information, with good intra- and inter-observer reliability, and in rating periventricular hyperintensities this scale yielded no advantage.
Journal ArticleDOI
Diagnostic Criteria for Malingered Neurocognitive Dysfunction: Proposed Standards for Clinical Practice and Research
TL;DR: A proposed set of diagnostic criteria that define psychometric, behavioral, and collateral data indicative of possible, probable, and definite malingering of cognitive dysfunction are presented for use in clinical practice and for defining populations for clinical research.
Journal ArticleDOI
Natural history of mild cognitive impairment in older persons.
David A. Bennett,Robert S. Wilson,Julie A. Schneider,Denis A. Evans,Laurel A. Beckett,Neelum T. Aggarwal,Lisa L. Barnes,Jacob H. Fox,Julie Bach +8 more
TL;DR: Mild cognitive impairment is associated with an increased risk of death and incident AD, and a greater rate of decline in selected cognitive abilities.
Journal ArticleDOI
Estrogen Therapy in Postmenopausal Women: Effects on Cognitive Function and Dementia
TL;DR: There are plausible biological mechanisms by which estrogen might lead to improved cognition, reduced risk for dementia, or improvement in the severity of dementia, but large placebo-controlled trials are required to address estrogen's role in prevention and treatment of Alzheimer disease and other dementias.
References
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“Mini-mental state”: A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician
Marshal F. Folstein,Marshal F. Folstein,Susan E B Folstein,Susan E B Folstein,Paul R. McHugh,Paul R. McHugh +5 more
TL;DR: A simplified, scored form of the cognitive mental status examination, the “Mini-Mental State” (MMS) which includes eleven questions, requires only 5-10 min to administer, and is therefore practical to use serially and routinely.
A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician
TL;DR: The Mini-Mental State (MMS) as mentioned in this paper is a simplified version of the standard WAIS with eleven questions and requires only 5-10 min to administer, and is therefore practical to use serially and routinely.
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TL;DR: The Index of ADL as discussed by the authors was developed to study results of treatment and prognosis in the elderly and chronically ill. Grades of the Index summarize over-all performance in bathing, dressing, going to toilet, transferring, continence, and feeding.
Journal ArticleDOI
Development of a Rating Scale for Primary Depressive Illness
TL;DR: This is an account of further work on a rating scale for depressive states, including a detailed discussion on the general problems of comparing successive samples from a ‘population’, the meaning of factor scores, and the other results obtained.
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Assessment of older people: self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living
M. P. Lawton,Elmne M. Brody +1 more
TL;DR: Two scales first standardized on their own population are presented, one of which taps a level of functioning heretofore inadequately represented in attempts to assess everyday functional competence, and the other taps a schema of competence into which these behaviors fit.