Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease : report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer's Disease
Guy M. McKhann,David A. Drachman,Marshall F. Folstein,Robert Katzman,Donald L. Price,Emanuel M. Stadlan +5 more
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TLDR
The criteria proposed are intended to serve as a guide for the diagnosis of probable, possible, and definite Alzheimer's disease; these criteria will be revised as more definitive information becomes available.Abstract:
Clinical criteria for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease include insidious onset and progressive impairment of memory and other cognitive functions. There are no motor, sensory, or coordination deficits early in the disease. The diagnosis cannot be determined by laboratory tests. These tests are important primarily in identifying other possible causes of dementia that must be excluded before the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease may be made with confidence. Neuropsychological tests provide confirmatory evidence of the diagnosis of dementia and help to assess the course and response to therapy. The criteria proposed are intended to serve as a guide for the diagnosis of probable, possible, and definite Alzheimer's disease; these criteria will be revised as more definitive information become available.read more
Citations
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Incidence and Risk of Dementia: The Rotterdam study
TL;DR: Although the incidence rates of men and women up to age 85 were similar, the lifetime risk of dementia for 55-year-old women was twice as high as for men (0.33 vs. 0.16), reflecting both the higher life expectancy of women and the higher dementia risk at very old age.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effect of Vitamin E and Memantine on Functional Decline in Alzheimer Disease The TEAM-AD VA Cooperative Randomized Trial
Maurice W. Dysken,Mary Sano,Sanjay Asthana,Julia E. Vertrees,Muralidhar Pallaki,Muralidhar Pallaki,Maria D. Llorente,Susan Love,Gerard D. Schellenberg,J. Riley McCarten,Julie Malphurs,Susana Prieto,Peijun Chen,Peijun Chen,David Loreck,David Loreck,George Trapp,Rajbir S. Bakshi,Jacobo Mintzer,Jacobo Mintzer,Judith L. Heidebrink,Ana Vidal-Cardona,Lillian M. Arroyo,Angel R. Cruz,Sally B. Zachariah,Neil W. Kowall,Mohit P. Chopra,Suzanne Craft,Stephen Thielke,Carolyn Turvey,Carolyn Turvey,Catherine Woodman,Catherine Woodman,Kimberly A. Monnell,Kimberly Gordon,Julie Tomaska,Yoav Segal,Peter Peduzzi,Peter Peduzzi,Peter Guarino,Peter Guarino +40 more
TL;DR: Benefit of alpha tocopherol in mild to moderate AD is suggested by slowing functional decline and decreasing caregiver burden.
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Effect of Citalopram on Agitation in Alzheimer Disease: The CitAD Randomized Clinical Trial
Anton P. Porsteinsson,Lea T. Drye,Bruce G. Pollock,Devangere P. Devanand,Constantine Frangakis,Zahinoor Ismail,Christopher Marano,Curtis L. Meinert,Jacobo Mintzer,Cynthia A. Munro,Gregory H. Pelton,Peter V. Rabins,Paul B. Rosenberg,Lon S. Schneider,David M. Shade,Daniel Weintraub,Jerome A. Yesavage,Jerome A. Yesavage,Constantine G. Lyketsos +18 more
TL;DR: Among patients with probable Alzheimer disease and agitation who were receiving psychosocial intervention, the addition of citalopram compared with placebo significantly reduced agitation and caregiver distress; however, cognitive and cardiac adverse effects of cITALopram may limit its practical application at the dosage of 30 mg per day.
Journal ArticleDOI
Detection of elevated levels of α-synuclein oligomers in CSF from patients with Parkinson disease
Takahiko Tokuda,Mohamed M. Qureshi,Mustafa T. Ardah,Shiji Varghese,Safa Shehab,Takashi Kasai,Noriko Ishigami,Akira Tamaoka,Masanori Nakagawa,Omar M. A. El-Agnaf +9 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that levels of α-synuclein oligomers in CSF and the oligomers/total-α- synuclein ratio can be useful biomarkers for diagnosis and early detection of PD.
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Cerebral white matter lesions and the risk of dementia.
Niels D. Prins,Ewoud J. van Dijk,Tom den Heijer,Sarah E. Vermeer,Peter J. Koudstaal,Matthijs Oudkerk,Albert Hofman,Monique M.B. Breteler +7 more
TL;DR: Higher severity of periventricular WML increased the risk of dementia, whereas the association between subcortical WML and dementia was less prominent, and this increased risk was independent of other risk factors for dementia and partlyindependent of other structural brain changes on magnetic resonance imaging.
References
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“Mini-mental state”: A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician
Marshal F. Folstein,Marshal F. Folstein,Susan E B Folstein,Susan E B Folstein,Paul R. McHugh,Paul R. McHugh +5 more
TL;DR: A simplified, scored form of the cognitive mental status examination, the “Mini-Mental State” (MMS) which includes eleven questions, requires only 5-10 min to administer, and is therefore practical to use serially and routinely.
A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician
TL;DR: The Mini-Mental State (MMS) as mentioned in this paper is a simplified version of the standard WAIS with eleven questions and requires only 5-10 min to administer, and is therefore practical to use serially and routinely.
Journal ArticleDOI
Studies of illness in the aged. the index of adl: a standardized measure of biological and psychosocial function.
TL;DR: The Index of ADL as discussed by the authors was developed to study results of treatment and prognosis in the elderly and chronically ill. Grades of the Index summarize over-all performance in bathing, dressing, going to toilet, transferring, continence, and feeding.
Journal ArticleDOI
Development of a Rating Scale for Primary Depressive Illness
TL;DR: This is an account of further work on a rating scale for depressive states, including a detailed discussion on the general problems of comparing successive samples from a ‘population’, the meaning of factor scores, and the other results obtained.
Journal ArticleDOI
Assessment of older people: self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living
M. P. Lawton,Elmne M. Brody +1 more
TL;DR: Two scales first standardized on their own population are presented, one of which taps a level of functioning heretofore inadequately represented in attempts to assess everyday functional competence, and the other taps a schema of competence into which these behaviors fit.