Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease : report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer's Disease
Guy M. McKhann,David A. Drachman,Marshall F. Folstein,Robert Katzman,Donald L. Price,Emanuel M. Stadlan +5 more
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TLDR
The criteria proposed are intended to serve as a guide for the diagnosis of probable, possible, and definite Alzheimer's disease; these criteria will be revised as more definitive information becomes available.Abstract:
Clinical criteria for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease include insidious onset and progressive impairment of memory and other cognitive functions. There are no motor, sensory, or coordination deficits early in the disease. The diagnosis cannot be determined by laboratory tests. These tests are important primarily in identifying other possible causes of dementia that must be excluded before the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease may be made with confidence. Neuropsychological tests provide confirmatory evidence of the diagnosis of dementia and help to assess the course and response to therapy. The criteria proposed are intended to serve as a guide for the diagnosis of probable, possible, and definite Alzheimer's disease; these criteria will be revised as more definitive information become available.read more
Citations
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Alzheimer's disease: genetic studies and transgenic models.
TL;DR: Investigations of Tg models of Alzheimer's disease will enhance understanding of the relationships between impaired performance on memory tasks and the pathological/biochemical abnormalities in brain, and help to clarify pathogenic mechanisms in vivo, and lead to identification of new therapeutic targets.
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Early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: contribution of structural neuroimaging.
G.aël Chetelat,Jean-Claude Baron +1 more
TL;DR: Comparison of initial MRI data of at-risk subjects who convert to AD at follow-up to those of nonconverters suggests that a reduced association temporal neocortex volume combined with hippocampal or anterior cingulate cortex atrophy may be the best predictor of progression to AD.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cognitive activity and incident AD in a population-based sample of older persons.
Robert S. Wilson,David A. Bennett,Julia L. Bienias,Neelum T. Aggarwal,C. F. Mendes de Leon,Martha Clare Morris,Julie A. Schneider,Denis A. Evans +7 more
TL;DR: Frequency of participation in cognitively stimulating activities appears to be associated with risk of AD and may partially explain the association of educational and occupational attainment with disease risk.
Journal ArticleDOI
Measurement of phosphorylated tau epitopes in the differential diagnosis of Alzheimer disease: a comparative cerebrospinal fluid study.
Harald Hampel,Katharina Buerger,Raymond Zinkowski,Stefan J. Teipel,Alexander Goernitz,Niels Andreasen,Magnus Sjoegren,John DeBernardis,Daniel J. Kerkman,Koichi Ishiguro,Hideto Ohno,Eugeen Vanmechelen,Hugo Vanderstichele,Cheryl McCulloch,Hans-Jürgen Möller,Peter Davies,Kaj Blennow +16 more
TL;DR: The p-tau proteins in CSF come closest to fulfilling the criteria of a biological marker of AD, and Combinations of the 3 markers did not add discriminative power compared with the application as single markers.
Journal ArticleDOI
Plasma Aβ40 and Aβ42 and Alzheimer’s disease: Relation to age, mortality, and risk
Richard Mayeux,Lawrence S. Honig,Ming-Xin Tang,Jennifer J. Manly,Yaakov Stern,Nicole Schupf,Pankaj D. Mehta +6 more
TL;DR: High plasma A&bgr;42 levels are elevated in some patients before and during the early stages of AD but decline thereafter, and may also be associated with mortality in patients with AD.
References
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“Mini-mental state”: A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician
Marshal F. Folstein,Marshal F. Folstein,Susan E B Folstein,Susan E B Folstein,Paul R. McHugh,Paul R. McHugh +5 more
TL;DR: A simplified, scored form of the cognitive mental status examination, the “Mini-Mental State” (MMS) which includes eleven questions, requires only 5-10 min to administer, and is therefore practical to use serially and routinely.
A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician
TL;DR: The Mini-Mental State (MMS) as mentioned in this paper is a simplified version of the standard WAIS with eleven questions and requires only 5-10 min to administer, and is therefore practical to use serially and routinely.
Journal ArticleDOI
Studies of illness in the aged. the index of adl: a standardized measure of biological and psychosocial function.
TL;DR: The Index of ADL as discussed by the authors was developed to study results of treatment and prognosis in the elderly and chronically ill. Grades of the Index summarize over-all performance in bathing, dressing, going to toilet, transferring, continence, and feeding.
Journal ArticleDOI
Development of a Rating Scale for Primary Depressive Illness
TL;DR: This is an account of further work on a rating scale for depressive states, including a detailed discussion on the general problems of comparing successive samples from a ‘population’, the meaning of factor scores, and the other results obtained.
Journal ArticleDOI
Assessment of older people: self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living
M. P. Lawton,Elmne M. Brody +1 more
TL;DR: Two scales first standardized on their own population are presented, one of which taps a level of functioning heretofore inadequately represented in attempts to assess everyday functional competence, and the other taps a schema of competence into which these behaviors fit.