Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease : report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer's Disease
Guy M. McKhann,David A. Drachman,Marshall F. Folstein,Robert Katzman,Donald L. Price,Emanuel M. Stadlan +5 more
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TLDR
The criteria proposed are intended to serve as a guide for the diagnosis of probable, possible, and definite Alzheimer's disease; these criteria will be revised as more definitive information becomes available.Abstract:
Clinical criteria for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease include insidious onset and progressive impairment of memory and other cognitive functions. There are no motor, sensory, or coordination deficits early in the disease. The diagnosis cannot be determined by laboratory tests. These tests are important primarily in identifying other possible causes of dementia that must be excluded before the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease may be made with confidence. Neuropsychological tests provide confirmatory evidence of the diagnosis of dementia and help to assess the course and response to therapy. The criteria proposed are intended to serve as a guide for the diagnosis of probable, possible, and definite Alzheimer's disease; these criteria will be revised as more definitive information become available.read more
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Diabetes, Alzheimer disease, and vascular dementia: A population-based neuropathologic study
Satu Ahtiluoto,Tuomo Polvikoski,Markku Peltonen,Alina Solomon,J. Tuomilehto,Bengt Winblad,Raimo Sulkava,Miia Kivipelto +7 more
TL;DR: Elderly patients with diabetes develop more extensive vascular pathology, which alone or together with AD-type pathology (particularly in APOE ε4 carriers) results in increased dementia risk.
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Language performance in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment: A comparative review
TL;DR: This work reviews language performance in MCI, compares these findings to those seen in AD, and identifies the primary issues in understanding language performance and selecting tasks with diagnostic and prognostic value.
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Homocysteine and folate as risk factors for dementia and Alzheimer disease
Giovanni Ravaglia,Paola Forti,Fabiola Maioli,Mabel Martelli,Lucia Servadei,Nicoletta Brunetti,Elisa Porcellini,Federico Licastro +7 more
TL;DR: Investigating the relation between high plasma tHcy concentrations and risk of dementia and Alzheimer disease (AD) in an elderly population of 816 subjects found that dementia developed in 112 subjects, including 70 who received a diagnosis of AD.
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Extent and distribution of white matter hyperintensities in normal aging, MCI, and AD
Mitsuhiro Yoshita,Evan Fletcher,Danielle J Harvey,Mario Ortega,Oliver Martinez,Dan M Mungas,Bruce R Reed,Charles DeCarli +7 more
TL;DR: Differences in white matter hyperintensities (WMH) associated with increasing cognitive impairment appear related to both extent and spatial location, and multiple regression analysis of regional WMH, vascular risk factors, and diagnosis suggest that these spatial differences may result from the additive effects of vascular and degenerative injury.
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The natural history of Alzheimer's disease. Description of study cohort and accuracy of diagnosis.
TL;DR: It is indicated that longitudinal follow-up of demented cases increases accuracy of diagnosis, and that detailed cognitive testing aids in early classification, in a natural history study of Alzheimer's disease.
References
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“Mini-mental state”: A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician
Marshal F. Folstein,Marshal F. Folstein,Susan E B Folstein,Susan E B Folstein,Paul R. McHugh,Paul R. McHugh +5 more
TL;DR: A simplified, scored form of the cognitive mental status examination, the “Mini-Mental State” (MMS) which includes eleven questions, requires only 5-10 min to administer, and is therefore practical to use serially and routinely.
A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician
TL;DR: The Mini-Mental State (MMS) as mentioned in this paper is a simplified version of the standard WAIS with eleven questions and requires only 5-10 min to administer, and is therefore practical to use serially and routinely.
Journal ArticleDOI
Studies of illness in the aged. the index of adl: a standardized measure of biological and psychosocial function.
TL;DR: The Index of ADL as discussed by the authors was developed to study results of treatment and prognosis in the elderly and chronically ill. Grades of the Index summarize over-all performance in bathing, dressing, going to toilet, transferring, continence, and feeding.
Journal ArticleDOI
Development of a Rating Scale for Primary Depressive Illness
TL;DR: This is an account of further work on a rating scale for depressive states, including a detailed discussion on the general problems of comparing successive samples from a ‘population’, the meaning of factor scores, and the other results obtained.
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Assessment of older people: self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living
M. P. Lawton,Elmne M. Brody +1 more
TL;DR: Two scales first standardized on their own population are presented, one of which taps a level of functioning heretofore inadequately represented in attempts to assess everyday functional competence, and the other taps a schema of competence into which these behaviors fit.