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DNA Methylation and Its Basic Function

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TLDR
The investigation into DNA methylation continues to show a rich and complex picture about epigenetic gene regulation in the central nervous system and provides possible therapeutic targets for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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This article is published in Neuropsychopharmacology.The article was published on 2013-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 2399 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: RNA-Directed DNA Methylation & DNA methylation.

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Antidepressant treatment is associated with epigenetic alterations of Homer1 promoter in a mouse model of chronic depression.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that stress-induced depression-like behavior and antidepressant treatments are associated with epigenetic alterations of Homer1 promoter, providing new insights into the mechanism of antidepressant treatment.
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Unmethylated promoter DNA correlates with p53 expression and apoptotic levels only in Vitamin B9 and B12 deficient megaloblastic anemia but not in non-megaloblastic anemia controls

TL;DR: Low VB12 and VB9 in male and female patients directly correlate with p53 promoter unmethylation status, but, inversely correlate with the p53 protein expression and its activity, only in MBA cases but not in non-MBA controls.
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Type 1 equilibrative nucleoside transporter regulates astrocyte-specific glial fibrillary acidic protein expression in the striatum.

TL;DR: It is found that astrocytic excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2) and aquaporin 4 (AQP4) are downregulated in the striatum of mice lacking type 1 equilibrative nucleoside transporter (ENT1).
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Leveraging brain cortex-derived molecular data to elucidate epigenetic and transcriptomic drivers of complex traits and disease

TL;DR: This study leveraged high-dimensional quantitative trait loci data derived from the prefrontal cortex tissue and GWAS findings for five complex traits to uncover transcriptional and epigenetic processes which may play a role in complex trait variation and uncovered evidence implicating novel loci in disease susceptibility.
References
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DNA methyltransferases Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b are essential for de novo methylation and mammalian development.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that two recently identified DNA methyltransferases, DnMT3a and Dnmt3b, are essential for de novo methylation and for mouse development and play important roles in normal development and disease.
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Epigenetic programming by maternal behavior.

TL;DR: It is shown that an epigenomic state of a gene can be established through behavioral programming, and it is potentially reversible, suggesting a causal relation among epigenomicState, GR expression and the maternal effect on stress responses in the offspring.
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Conversion of 5-Methylcytosine to 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine in Mammalian DNA by MLL Partner TET1

TL;DR: It is shown here that TET1, a fusion partner of the MLL gene in acute myeloid leukemia, is a 2-oxoglutarate (2OG)- and Fe(II)-dependent enzyme that catalyzes conversion of 5mC to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (hmC) in cultured cells and in vitro.
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Rett syndrome is caused by mutations in X-linked MECP2, encoding methyl-CpG-binding protein 2.

TL;DR: This study reports the first disease-causing mutations in RTT and points to abnormal epigenetic regulation as the mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of RTT.
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Human DNA methylomes at base resolution show widespread epigenomic differences

TL;DR: The first genome-wide, single-base-resolution maps of methylated cytosines in a mammalian genome, from both human embryonic stem cells and fetal fibroblasts, along with comparative analysis of messenger RNA and small RNA components of the transcriptome, several histone modifications, and sites of DNA-protein interaction for several key regulatory factors were presented in this article.
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