Journal ArticleDOI
Human gut microbiota/microbiome in health and diseases: a review
TLDR
The role of gut microbiota in maintaining host health is clarified and how nutritional and environmental factors affect the gut microbial structure and function is investigated.Abstract:
The human gut microbiota has received considerable interest in the recent years and our knowledge of the inhabitant species and their potential applications is increased particularly after the development of metagenomic studies. Gut microbiota is highly diverse and harboring trillions of microorganisms in human digestive system. The shaping and multiplication of gut microbiome starts at birth, while the modification of their composition depends mainly on various genetic, nutritional and environmental factors. The modification in the composition and function of the gut microbiota can change intestinal permeability, digestion and metabolism as well as immune responses. The pro inflammatory state caused by alternation of gut microbiota balance lead to the onset of many diseases ranging from gastrointestinal and metabolic conditions to immunological and neuropsychiatric diseases. In this context, the present review clarifies the role of gut microbiota in maintaining host health and investigates how nutritional and environmental factors affect the gut microbial structure and function. In addition, many therapeutic strategies of gut microbiota aimed at modulating and restoring of the intestinal ecosystem balance have been surveyed.read more
Citations
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Short-term antibiotic treatment has differing long-term impacts on the human throat and gut microbiome
TL;DR: Jakobsson et al. as discussed by the authors showed that short-term antibiotic treatment has differing long-term impacts on the human throat and gut microbiome, and the longterm effects of antibiotic treatment have been studied.
Journal ArticleDOI
Short chain fatty acids: Microbial metabolites for gut-brain axis signalling
Kenneth J. O’Riordan,Michael K. Collins,Gerard M. Moloney,Emily G. Knox,María Rodríguez Aburto,Christine Fülling,Shane J Morley,Gerard Clarke,Harriët Schellekens,John F. Cryan +9 more
TL;DR: The role of the intestinal microbiota as a regulator of gut-brain axis signalling has risen to prominence in recent years as mentioned in this paper , and many studies have focused on the entry of SCFAs into systemic circulation from the gut lumen, their migration to cerebral circulation and across the blood brain barrier.
Journal ArticleDOI
Kaempferol Alleviates Murine Experimental Colitis by Restoring Gut Microbiota and Inhibiting the LPS-TLR4-NF-κB Axis.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors determined the efficacy and mechanism of action of Kae as an anti-UC agent in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice and determined that Kae pretreatment decreased the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α and downregulated transcription of an array of inflammatory signaling molecules, while it increased IL-10 mRNA expression.
Journal ArticleDOI
The ecological impact of a bacterial weapon: microbial interactions and the Type VI secretion system.
TL;DR: The Type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a bacterial protein secretion system that uses a bacteriophage-like machinery to secrete a diverse array of effectors, usually translocating them directly into neighbouring cells as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Oyster polysaccharides ameliorate intestinal mucositis and improve metabolism in 5-fluorouracil-treated S180 tumour-bearing mice
TL;DR: In this article, oyster polysaccharide (CHP) was used to protect the intestinal barrier and improve nutritional metabolism in 5-FU-treated S180 tumour-bearing mice after treatment with CHP.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Diet rapidly and reproducibly alters the human gut microbiome
Lawrence A. David,Corinne F. Maurice,Rachel N. Carmody,David B. Gootenberg,Julie E. Button,Benjamin E. Wolfe,Alisha V. Ling,A. Sloan Devlin,Yug Varma,Michael A. Fischbach,Sudha B. Biddinger,Rachel J. Dutton,Peter J. Turnbaugh +12 more
TL;DR: Increases in the abundance and activity of Bilophila wadsworthia on the animal-based diet support a link between dietary fat, bile acids and the outgrowth of microorganisms capable of triggering inflammatory bowel disease.
Journal ArticleDOI
Enterotypes of the human gut microbiome
Manimozhiyan Arumugam,Jeroen Raes,Eric Pelletier,Denis Le Paslier,Takuji Yamada,Daniel R. Mende,Gabriel Fernandes,Julien Tap,Thomas Brüls,Jean-Michel Batto,Marcelo Bertalan,Natalia Borruel,Francesc Casellas,Leyden Fernández,Laurent Gautier,Torben Hansen,Masahira Hattori,Tetsuya Hayashi,Michiel Kleerebezem,Ken Kurokawa,Marion Leclerc,Florence Levenez,Chaysavanh Manichanh,H. Bjørn Nielsen,Trine Nielsen,Nicolas Pons,Julie Poulain,Junjie Qin,Thomas Sicheritz-Pontén,Sebastian Tims,David Torrents,Edgardo Ugarte,Erwin G. Zoetendal,Jun Wang,Francisco Guarner,Oluf Pedersen,Willem M. de Vos,Søren Brunak,Joël Doré,Jean Weissenbach,S. Dusko Ehrlich,Peer Bork +41 more
TL;DR: Three robust clusters (referred to as enterotypes hereafter) are identified that are not nation or continent specific and confirmed in two published, larger cohorts, indicating that intestinal microbiota variation is generally stratified, not continuous.
Journal ArticleDOI
A metagenome-wide association study of gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes
Junjie Qin,Yingrui Li,Zhiming Cai,Shenghui Li,Jianfeng Zhu,Fan Zhang,Suisha Liang,Wenwei Zhang,Yuanlin Guan,Dongqian Shen,Yangqing Peng,Dongya Zhang,Zhuye Jie,Wenxian Wu,Youwen Qin,Wenbin Xue,Junhua Li,Lingchuan Han,Donghui Lu,Peixian Wu,Yali Dai,Xiaojuan Sun,Zesong Li,Aifa Tang,Shilong Zhong,Xiaoping Li,Weineng Chen,Ran Xu,Mingbang Wang,Qiang Feng,Meihua Gong,Jing Yu,Yanyan Zhang,Ming Zhang,Torben Hansen,Gaston Sanchez,Jeroen Raes,Gwen Falony,Shujiro Okuda,Mathieu Almeida,Emmanuelle Le-chatelier,Pierre Renault,Nicolas Pons,Jean-Michel Batto,Zhaoxi Zhang,Hua Chen,Ruifu Yang,Wei-Mou Zheng,Songgang Li,Huanming Yang,Jian Wang,S. Dusko Ehrlich,Rasmus Nielsen,Oluf Pedersen,Oluf Pedersen,Karsten Kristiansen,Jun Wang +56 more
TL;DR: MGWAS analysis showed that patients with type 2 diabetes were characterized by a moderate degree of gut microbial dysbiosis, a decrease in the abundance of some universal butyrate-producing bacteria and an increase in various opportunistic pathogens, as well as an enrichment of other microbial functions conferring sulphate reduction and oxidative stress resistance.
Journal ArticleDOI
Richness of human gut microbiome correlates with metabolic markers
Trine Nielsen,Junjie Qin,Edi Prifti,Falk Hildebrand,Gwen Falony,Mathieu Almeida,Manimozhiyan Arumugam,Jean-Michel Batto,Sean Kennedy,Pierre Leonard,Junhua Li,Kristoffer Sølvsten Burgdorf,Niels Grarup,Torben Jørgensen,Torben Jørgensen,Torben Jørgensen,Ivan Brandslund,Henrik Nielsen,Agnieszka S. Juncker,Marcelo Bertalan,Florence Levenez,Nicolas Pons,Simon Rasmussen,Shinichi Sunagawa,Julien Tap,Sebastian Tims,Erwin G. Zoetendal,Søren Brunak,Karine Clément,Karine Clément,Joël Doré,Michiel Kleerebezem,Karsten Kristiansen,Pierre Renault,Thomas Sicheritz-Pontén,Willem M. de Vos,Willem M. de Vos,Jean-Daniel Zucker,Jean-Daniel Zucker,Jean-Daniel Zucker,Jeroen Raes,Torben Hansen,Torben Hansen,Peer Bork,Jun Wang,S. Dusko Ehrlich,Oluf Pedersen +46 more
TL;DR: The authors' classifications based on variation in the gut microbiome identify subsets of individuals in the general white adult population who may be at increased risk of progressing to adiposity-associated co-morbidities.
Journal ArticleDOI
Gut microbiome influences efficacy of PD-1–based immunotherapy against epithelial tumors
Bertrand Routy,Bertrand Routy,Bertrand Routy,Lisa Derosa,Lisa Derosa,Lisa Derosa,Connie P.M. Duong,Connie P.M. Duong,Maryam Tidjani Alou,Maryam Tidjani Alou,Maryam Tidjani Alou,Romain Daillère,Romain Daillère,Romain Daillère,Aurélie Fluckiger,Aurélie Fluckiger,Meriem Messaoudene,Meriem Messaoudene,Conrad Rauber,Conrad Rauber,Conrad Rauber,Maria Paula Roberti,Maria Paula Roberti,Marine Fidelle,Marine Fidelle,Caroline Flament,Caroline Flament,Vichnou Poirier-Colame,Vichnou Poirier-Colame,Paule Opolon,Christophe Klein,Kristina Iribarren,Laura Mondragón,Nicolas Jacquelot,Nicolas Jacquelot,Nicolas Jacquelot,Bo Qu,Bo Qu,Bo Qu,Gladys Ferrere,Gladys Ferrere,Gladys Ferrere,Céline Clémenson,Céline Clémenson,Laura Mezquita,Jordi Remon Masip,C. Naltet,Solenn Brosseau,Coureche Kaderbhai,Corentin Richard,Hira Rizvi,Florence Levenez,Nathalie Galleron,Benoit Quinquis,Nicolas Pons,Bernhard Ryffel,Veronique Minard-Colin,Patrick Gonin,Jean-Charles Soria,Eric Deutsch,Eric Deutsch,Yohann Loriot,Yohann Loriot,François Ghiringhelli,Gérard Zalcman,François Goldwasser,B. Escudier,B. Escudier,Matthew D. Hellmann,Matthew D. Hellmann,Alexander M.M. Eggermont,Alexander M.M. Eggermont,Didier Raoult,Laurence Albiges,Laurence Albiges,Guido Kroemer,Laurence Zitvogel +76 more
TL;DR: It is found that primary resistance to ICIs can be attributed to abnormal gut microbiome composition, and Antibiotics inhibited the clinical benefit of ICIs in patients with advanced cancer.