Integrin Regulation in Immunological and Cancerous Cells and Exosomes.
TLDR
In this article, integrins represent the biologically and medically significant family of cell adhesion molecules that govern a wide range of normal physiology and are dynamically controlled via activation-dependent conformational changes regulated by the balance of intracellular activators and inactivators, such as Shank-associated RH domain interactor (SHARPIN) and integrin cytoplasmic domain-associated protein 1 (ICAP-1).Abstract:
Integrins represent the biologically and medically significant family of cell adhesion molecules that govern a wide range of normal physiology. The activities of integrins in cells are dynamically controlled via activation-dependent conformational changes regulated by the balance of intracellular activators, such as talin and kindlin, and inactivators, such as Shank-associated RH domain interactor (SHARPIN) and integrin cytoplasmic domain-associated protein 1 (ICAP-1). The activities of integrins are alternatively controlled by homotypic lateral association with themselves to induce integrin clustering and/or by heterotypic lateral engagement with tetraspanin and syndecan in the same cells to modulate integrin adhesiveness. It has recently emerged that integrins are expressed not only in cells but also in exosomes, important entities of extracellular vesicles secreted from cells. Exosomal integrins have received considerable attention in recent years, and they are clearly involved in determining the tissue distribution of exosomes, forming premetastatic niches, supporting internalization of exosomes by target cells and mediating exosome-mediated transfer of the membrane proteins and associated kinases to target cells. A growing body of evidence shows that tumor and immune cell exosomes have the ability to alter endothelial characteristics (proliferation, migration) and gene expression, some of these effects being facilitated by vesicle-bound integrins. As endothelial metabolism is now thought to play a key role in tumor angiogenesis, we also discuss how tumor cells and their exosomes pleiotropically modulate endothelial functions in the tumor microenvironment.read more
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Integrins in cancer: Emerging mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities.
TL;DR: Integrins are vital surface adhesion receptors that mediate the interactions between the extracellular matrix (ECM) and cells and are essential for cell migration and the maintenance of tissue homeostasis as discussed by the authors .
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Molecular cloning and functional analysis of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) integrin α6 and the correlation with the resistance to CyHV-3 infection
Wanying Ren,Xiaona Jiang,Yanlong Ge,Chi Tao Li,Xuesong Hu,Lei Cheng,Zhiying Jia,Lanlan Zhang +7 more
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors cloned the ITGα6 from common carp and studied its expression profile after infection with CyHV-3, and found that the expression of CcITG-α6b in the breeding strain was significantly higher than the expression in the non-breeding strain at all infection stages (p < 0.05).
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TL;DR: A comprehensive overview of the current understanding of the physiological roles of EVs is provided, drawing on the unique EV expertise of academia-based scientists, clinicians and industry based in 27 European countries, the United States and Australia.
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Tumour exosome integrins determine organotropic metastasis
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B lymphocytes secrete antigen-presenting vesicles.
Graça Raposo,Hans W. Nijman,Willem Stoorvogel,R Liejendekker,Clifford V. Harding,Cornelis J. M. Melief,Hans J. Geuze +6 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated by immunoelectron microscopy that the limiting membrane of MIICs can fuse directly with the plasma membrane, resulting in release from the cells of internal MHC class II-containing vesicles, suggesting a role for exosomes in antigen presentation in vivo.
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Proteomic comparison defines novel markers to characterize heterogeneous populations of extracellular vesicle subtypes.
Joanna Kowal,Guillaume Arras,Marina Colombo,Mabel Jouve,Jakob Paul Morath,Bjarke Primdal-Bengtson,Florent Dingli,Damarys Loew,Mercedes Tkach,Clotilde Théry +9 more
TL;DR: This work demonstrates the presence of exosomal and nonexosomal subpopulations within small EVs, and proposes their differential separation by immuno-isolation using either CD63, CD81, or CD9, and provides guidelines to define subtypes of EVs for future functional studies.
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Glypican-1 identifies cancer exosomes and detects early pancreatic cancer
Sonia A. Melo,Linda B. Luecke,Christoph Kahlert,Agustín F. Fernández,Seth T. Gammon,Judith Kaye,Valerie S. LeBleu,Elizabeth A. Mittendorf,Juergen Weitz,Nuh N. Rahbari,Christoph Reissfelder,Christian Pilarsky,Mario F. Fraga,David Piwnica-Worms,Raghu Kalluri +14 more
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