Journal ArticleDOI
Propionate as a health-promoting microbial metabolite in the human gut.
TLDR
The present review discusses the two main propionate-production pathways and provides an extended gene-based list of microorganisms with the potential to producepropionate and evaluates the promising potential of arabinoxylan, polydextrose, and L-rhamnose to act as substrates to increase microbial propionates.Abstract:
Propionate is a major microbial fermentation metabolite in the human gut with putative health effects that extend beyond the gut epithelium. Propionate is thought to lower lipogenesis, serum cholesterol levels, and carcinogenesis in other tissues. Steering microbial propionate production through diet could therefore be a potent strategy to increase health effects from microbial carbohydrate fermentation. The present review first discusses the two main propionate-production pathways and provides an extended gene-based list of microorganisms with the potential to produce propionate. Second, it evaluates the promising potential of arabinoxylan, polydextrose, and L-rhamnose to act as substrates to increase microbial propionate. Third, given the complexity of the gut microbiota, propionate production is approached from a microbial-ecological perspective that includes interaction processes such as cross-feeding mechanisms. Finally, it introduces the development of functional gene-based analytical tools to detect and characterize propionate-producing microorganisms in a complex community. The information in this review may be helpful for designing functional food strategies that aim to promote propionate-associated health benefits.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Probiotics and prebiotics in intestinal health and disease: from biology to the clinic
TL;DR: Gut-derived effects in humans is described, a review of current understanding of probiotics and prebiotics as a means to manage the microbiota to improve host health, including mechanisms of actions and potential for clinical use.
Journal ArticleDOI
Phylogenetic distribution of three pathways for propionate production within the human gut microbiota
Nicole Reichardt,Sylvia H. Duncan,Pauline Young,Álvaro Belenguer,Carol McWilliam Leitch,Karen P. Scott,Harry J. Flint,Petra Louis +7 more
TL;DR: A better understanding of the microbial ecology of short-chain fatty acid formation may allow modulation of propionate formation by the human gut microbiota.
Journal ArticleDOI
Parabacteroides distasonis Alleviates Obesity and Metabolic Dysfunctions via Production of Succinate and Secondary Bile Acids
Kai Wang,Mingfang Liao,Nan Zhou,Li Bao,Ke Ma,Zhongyong Zheng,Yu-Jing Wang,Chang Liu,Wenzhao Wang,Jun Wang,Shuang-Jiang Liu,Hongwei Liu +11 more
TL;DR: The metabolic benefits of Parabacteroides distasonis (PD) on decreasing weight gain, hyperglycemia, and hepatic steatosis in ob/ob and high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice is demonstrated and succinate and secondary bile acids produced by P. distasonis played key roles in the modulation of host metabolism.
Journal ArticleDOI
What do drug transporters really do
TL;DR: Evidence is discussed for the roles of ABC and SLC transporters in the handling of diverse substrates, including metabolites, antioxidants, signalling molecules, hormones, nutrients and neurotransmitters, which may help to clarify disease mechanisms, drug–metabolite interactions and drug effects relevant to diabetes, chronic kidney disease, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, gout, liver disease, neuropsychiatric disorders, inflammatory syndromes and organ injury.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Microbiota of Breast Tissue and Its Association with Breast Cancer.
Camilla Urbaniak,Gregory B. Gloor,Muriel Brackstone,Leslie Scott,Mark Tangney,Gregor Reid,Gregor Reid +6 more
TL;DR: Different bacterial profiles in breast tissue exist between healthy women and those with breast cancer, and higher relative abundances of bacteria that had the ability to cause DNA damage in vitro were detected in breast cancer patients, as was a decrease in some lactic acid bacteria known for their beneficial health effects, including anticarcinogenic properties.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Mitigation strategies to reduce enteric methane emissions from dairy cows: Update review
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide an update on current management practices and new dietary strategies recently proposed to reduce CH4 emissions from ruminants, including the addition of probiotics, acetogens, bacteriocins, archaeal viruses, organic acids, plant extracts (e.g., essential oils) to the diet, as well as immunization, and genetic selection of cows.
Journal ArticleDOI
Restricted Distribution of the Butyrate Kinase Pathway among Butyrate-Producing Bacteria from the Human Colon
Petra Louis,Sylvia H. Duncan,Sheila I. McCrae,Jacqueline Millar,Michelle S. Jackson,Harry J. Flint +5 more
TL;DR: Butyryl-CoA:acetate CoA-transferase activity was detected in all 38 strains examined, suggesting that it, rather than butyrate kinase, provides the dominant route forbutyrate formation in the human colonic ecosystem that contains a constantly high concentration of acetate.
Journal ArticleDOI
Apoptosis in colorectal tumour cells: induction by the short chain fatty acids butyrate, propionate and acetate and by the bile salt deoxycholate.
TL;DR: All 3 short chain fatty acids induced apoptosis at physiological concentrations, but of the 3, butyrate was the most effective; this may in part explain the correlation between a high‐fibre diet and low colorectal cancer incidence.
Journal ArticleDOI
Dietary resistant starch upregulates total GLP-1 and PYY in a sustained day-long manner through fermentation in rodents
June Zhou,Roy J. Martin,Richard T. Tulley,Anne M. Raggio,Kathleen L McCutcheon,Li Shen,Samuel Colby Danna,Sasmita Tripathy,Maren Hegsted,Michael Keenan +9 more
TL;DR: Fermentation of RS is most likely the primary mechanism for increased endogenous secretions of total GLP-1 and PYY in rodents, and any factor that affects fermentation should be considered when dietary fermentable fiber is used to stimulate GLP/PYY secretion.
Journal ArticleDOI
Role of short-chain fatty acids in the prevention of colorectal cancer
TL;DR: To understand the complex effects of SCFAs on carcinogenesis, it is important to study the intermediate stages of the adenoma-carcinoma sequence where a "switch" from stimulation to suppression of cell proliferation must occur.
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