Journal ArticleDOI
Propionate as a health-promoting microbial metabolite in the human gut.
TLDR
The present review discusses the two main propionate-production pathways and provides an extended gene-based list of microorganisms with the potential to producepropionate and evaluates the promising potential of arabinoxylan, polydextrose, and L-rhamnose to act as substrates to increase microbial propionates.Abstract:
Propionate is a major microbial fermentation metabolite in the human gut with putative health effects that extend beyond the gut epithelium. Propionate is thought to lower lipogenesis, serum cholesterol levels, and carcinogenesis in other tissues. Steering microbial propionate production through diet could therefore be a potent strategy to increase health effects from microbial carbohydrate fermentation. The present review first discusses the two main propionate-production pathways and provides an extended gene-based list of microorganisms with the potential to produce propionate. Second, it evaluates the promising potential of arabinoxylan, polydextrose, and L-rhamnose to act as substrates to increase microbial propionate. Third, given the complexity of the gut microbiota, propionate production is approached from a microbial-ecological perspective that includes interaction processes such as cross-feeding mechanisms. Finally, it introduces the development of functional gene-based analytical tools to detect and characterize propionate-producing microorganisms in a complex community. The information in this review may be helpful for designing functional food strategies that aim to promote propionate-associated health benefits.read more
Citations
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Book ChapterDOI
Vervet Monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerthrus), Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), and Humans (Homo sapiens): Studying Interactions Using Stable Isotope Analysis
Book ChapterDOI
Altered Microbiota and Their Metabolism in Host Metabolic Diseases
Beng San Yeoh,Matam Vijay-Kumar +1 more
TL;DR: This chapter examines several key concepts and potential mechanisms that accentuate the link between gut microbiome and metabolic diseases.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sex, pain, and the microbiome: The relationship between baseline gut microbiota composition, gender and somatic pain in healthy individuals
Valentina Caputi,Thomaz F.S. Bastiaanssen,Veronica L. Peterson,Jahangir Sajjad,A Murphy,Catherine Stanton,Brian McNamara,George D. Shorten,John F. Cryan,Siobhain M. O'Mahony +9 more
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors found that the pain tolerance threshold/pain sensation threshold (PTT/PST) ratio was significantly lesser in women than men, but not PST or PTT alone.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Dietary Modulation of the Human Colonic Microbiota: Introducing the Concept of Prebiotics
TL;DR: By combining the rationale of pro- and prebiotics, the concept of synbiotics is proposed to characterize some colonic foods with interesting nutritional properties that make these compounds candidates for classification as health-enhancing functional food ingredients.
Journal ArticleDOI
The gut microbiota as an environmental factor that regulates fat storage
Fredrik Bäckhed,Hao Ding,Hao Ding,Ting Wang,Lora V. Hooper,Gou Young Koh,Andras Nagy,Clay F. Semenkovich,Jeffrey I. Gordon +8 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors found that conventionalization of adult germ-free C57BL/6 mice with a normal microbiota harvested from the distal intestine (cecum) of conventionally raised animals produces a 60% increase in body fat content and insulin resistance within 14 days despite reduced food intake.
Journal ArticleDOI
Host-Bacterial Mutualism in the Human Intestine
TL;DR: New studies are revealing how the gut microbiota has coevolved with us and how it manipulates and complements the authors' biology in ways that are mutually beneficial.
Journal ArticleDOI
Dissemination and growth of cancer cells in metastatic sites
TL;DR: Inhibition of the growth of metastases in secondary sites offers a promising approach for cancer therapy and could help to improve the treatment of metastatic disease.
Journal ArticleDOI
Gut flora in health and disease
TL;DR: Gut flora might be an essential factor in certain pathological disorders, including multisystem organ failure, colon cancer, and inflammatory bowel diseases, and Probiotics and prebiotics are known to have a role in prevention or treatment of some diseases.
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