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Journal ArticleDOI

Propionate as a health-promoting microbial metabolite in the human gut.

TLDR
The present review discusses the two main propionate-production pathways and provides an extended gene-based list of microorganisms with the potential to producepropionate and evaluates the promising potential of arabinoxylan, polydextrose, and L-rhamnose to act as substrates to increase microbial propionates.
Abstract
Propionate is a major microbial fermentation metabolite in the human gut with putative health effects that extend beyond the gut epithelium. Propionate is thought to lower lipogenesis, serum cholesterol levels, and carcinogenesis in other tissues. Steering microbial propionate production through diet could therefore be a potent strategy to increase health effects from microbial carbohydrate fermentation. The present review first discusses the two main propionate-production pathways and provides an extended gene-based list of microorganisms with the potential to produce propionate. Second, it evaluates the promising potential of arabinoxylan, polydextrose, and L-rhamnose to act as substrates to increase microbial propionate. Third, given the complexity of the gut microbiota, propionate production is approached from a microbial-ecological perspective that includes interaction processes such as cross-feeding mechanisms. Finally, it introduces the development of functional gene-based analytical tools to detect and characterize propionate-producing microorganisms in a complex community. The information in this review may be helpful for designing functional food strategies that aim to promote propionate-associated health benefits.

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Book ChapterDOI

The Vervet Microbiome

Book ChapterDOI

Altered Microbiota and Their Metabolism in Host Metabolic Diseases

TL;DR: This chapter examines several key concepts and potential mechanisms that accentuate the link between gut microbiome and metabolic diseases.
Journal ArticleDOI

Sex, pain, and the microbiome: The relationship between baseline gut microbiota composition, gender and somatic pain in healthy individuals

TL;DR: In this paper , the authors found that the pain tolerance threshold/pain sensation threshold (PTT/PST) ratio was significantly lesser in women than men, but not PST or PTT alone.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Dietary Modulation of the Human Colonic Microbiota: Introducing the Concept of Prebiotics

TL;DR: By combining the rationale of pro- and prebiotics, the concept of synbiotics is proposed to characterize some colonic foods with interesting nutritional properties that make these compounds candidates for classification as health-enhancing functional food ingredients.
Journal ArticleDOI

The gut microbiota as an environmental factor that regulates fat storage

TL;DR: In this article, the authors found that conventionalization of adult germ-free C57BL/6 mice with a normal microbiota harvested from the distal intestine (cecum) of conventionally raised animals produces a 60% increase in body fat content and insulin resistance within 14 days despite reduced food intake.
Journal ArticleDOI

Host-Bacterial Mutualism in the Human Intestine

TL;DR: New studies are revealing how the gut microbiota has coevolved with us and how it manipulates and complements the authors' biology in ways that are mutually beneficial.
Journal ArticleDOI

Dissemination and growth of cancer cells in metastatic sites

TL;DR: Inhibition of the growth of metastases in secondary sites offers a promising approach for cancer therapy and could help to improve the treatment of metastatic disease.
Journal ArticleDOI

Gut flora in health and disease

TL;DR: Gut flora might be an essential factor in certain pathological disorders, including multisystem organ failure, colon cancer, and inflammatory bowel diseases, and Probiotics and prebiotics are known to have a role in prevention or treatment of some diseases.
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