Temporal and Spatial Dynamics of Cerebral Immune Cell Accumulation in Stroke
Mathias Gelderblom,Frank Leypoldt,Karin Steinbach,Doerthe Behrens,Chi-Un Choe,Dominic A. Siler,Thiruma V. Arumugam,Ellen Orthey,Christian Gerloff,Eva Tolosa,Tim Magnus +10 more
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TLDR
The peculiar activation pattern and massive increase of antigen-presenting cells in temporal conjunction with regulatory cells might provide additional insight into poststroke immune regulation.Abstract:
Background and Purpose— Ischemic stroke leads to significant morbidity and mortality in the Western world Early reperfusion strategies remain the treatment of choice but can initiate and augment an inflammatory response causing secondary brain damage The understanding of postischemic inflammation is very limited The objectives of this study were to define the temporal and spatial infiltration of immune cell populations and their activation patterns in a murine cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury model Methods— Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion was induced for 1 hour followed by 12-hour to 7-day reperfusion in C57/BL6 mice Immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry were used to quantify the infiltrating immune cell subsets Results— Accumulation of microglia and infiltration of the ischemic hemisphere by macrophages, lymphocytes, and dendritic cells (DCs) preceded the neutrophilic influx DCs were found to increase 20-fold and constituted a substantial proportion of infiltrating cells DCs exhiread more
Citations
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The immunology of stroke: from mechanisms to translation
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used pre-clinical testing and appropriate selection of study participants to overcome the barriers to progress in acute ischemic stroke research, and proposed safe and effective treatment strategies that combine neuroprotection reperfusion, better use of advanced brain imaging for patient selection, and wider implementation of pre-hospital conducted clinical trials.
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Neuroinflammation: friend and foe for ischemic stroke
TL;DR: How neuroinflammation has both beneficial as well as detrimental roles and recent therapeutic strategies to combat pathological responses are discussed and the time-dependent role of inflammatory factors could help in developing new diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic neuroprotective strategies for post-stroke inflammation.
References
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Neutrophil sequestration and the effect of hyperbaric oxygen in a rat model of temporary middle cerebral artery occlusion
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A novel method of detecting rCBF with laser-Doppler flowmetry without cranial window through the skull for a MCAO rat model
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Invariant NKT Cells Exacerbate Type 1 Diabetes Induced by CD8 T Cells
Thibault Griseri,Lucie Beaudoin,Jan Novak,Lennart T. Mars,Françoise Lepault,Roland S. Liblau,Agnès Lehuen +6 more
TL;DR: This first analysis of the influence of iNKT cells on diabetogenic CD8 T cells reveals that iN KT cells not only fail to regulate but in fact exacerbate the development of diabetes.