Temporal and Spatial Dynamics of Cerebral Immune Cell Accumulation in Stroke
Mathias Gelderblom,Frank Leypoldt,Karin Steinbach,Doerthe Behrens,Chi-Un Choe,Dominic A. Siler,Thiruma V. Arumugam,Ellen Orthey,Christian Gerloff,Eva Tolosa,Tim Magnus +10 more
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TLDR
The peculiar activation pattern and massive increase of antigen-presenting cells in temporal conjunction with regulatory cells might provide additional insight into poststroke immune regulation.Abstract:
Background and Purpose— Ischemic stroke leads to significant morbidity and mortality in the Western world Early reperfusion strategies remain the treatment of choice but can initiate and augment an inflammatory response causing secondary brain damage The understanding of postischemic inflammation is very limited The objectives of this study were to define the temporal and spatial infiltration of immune cell populations and their activation patterns in a murine cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury model Methods— Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion was induced for 1 hour followed by 12-hour to 7-day reperfusion in C57/BL6 mice Immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry were used to quantify the infiltrating immune cell subsets Results— Accumulation of microglia and infiltration of the ischemic hemisphere by macrophages, lymphocytes, and dendritic cells (DCs) preceded the neutrophilic influx DCs were found to increase 20-fold and constituted a substantial proportion of infiltrating cells DCs exhiread more
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All trans-retinoic acid protects against acute ischemic stroke by modulating neutrophil functions through STAT1 signaling
TL;DR: atRA displays potent therapeutic efficacy in ischemic stroke by attenuating neural inflammation and downregulated neutrophil accumulation and STAT1 signaling played a decisive role in the mechanisms of atRA-afforded regulation to neutrophils.
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Experimental ischemic stroke induces long-term T cell activation in the brain.
TL;DR: The results indicated a prolonged activation of brain invading CD4+ and CD8+ T cells after ischemic stroke which may play a role in the neural repair process after stroke.
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Prokineticin 2 is an endangering mediator of cerebral ischemic injury
Michelle Y. Cheng,Alexander Lee,Collin J. Culbertson,Guohua Sun,Rushi K. Talati,Nathan C. Manley,Xiaohan Li,Heng Zhao,David M. Lyons,Qun-Yong Zhou,Gary K. Steinberg,Robert M. Sapolsky +11 more
TL;DR: It is indicated that prokineticin 2 can be activated by pathological stimuli such as hypoxia-ischemia and excitotoxic glutamate and identified PK2 as a deleterious mediator for cerebral ischemia.
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Emerging Role of Immunity in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease.
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Tissue-Resident Ecto-5′ Nucleotidase (CD73) Regulates Leukocyte Trafficking in the Ischemic Brain
Danica Petrovic-Djergovic,Matthew C. Hyman,Jessica J. Ray,Diane Bouis,Scott H. Visovatti,Takanori Hayasaki,David J. Pinsky +6 more
TL;DR: To define the CD73-bearing cells responsible for ischemic cerebroprotection, mice were subjected to irradiative myeloablation, marrow reconstitution, and then stroke following engraftment to show a cardinal role for CD73 in suppressing isChemic tissue leukosequestration.
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