Temporal and Spatial Dynamics of Cerebral Immune Cell Accumulation in Stroke
Mathias Gelderblom,Frank Leypoldt,Karin Steinbach,Doerthe Behrens,Chi-Un Choe,Dominic A. Siler,Thiruma V. Arumugam,Ellen Orthey,Christian Gerloff,Eva Tolosa,Tim Magnus +10 more
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TLDR
The peculiar activation pattern and massive increase of antigen-presenting cells in temporal conjunction with regulatory cells might provide additional insight into poststroke immune regulation.Abstract:
Background and Purpose— Ischemic stroke leads to significant morbidity and mortality in the Western world Early reperfusion strategies remain the treatment of choice but can initiate and augment an inflammatory response causing secondary brain damage The understanding of postischemic inflammation is very limited The objectives of this study were to define the temporal and spatial infiltration of immune cell populations and their activation patterns in a murine cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury model Methods— Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion was induced for 1 hour followed by 12-hour to 7-day reperfusion in C57/BL6 mice Immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry were used to quantify the infiltrating immune cell subsets Results— Accumulation of microglia and infiltration of the ischemic hemisphere by macrophages, lymphocytes, and dendritic cells (DCs) preceded the neutrophilic influx DCs were found to increase 20-fold and constituted a substantial proportion of infiltrating cells DCs exhiread more
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Peripheral immune cells infiltrate into sites of secondary neurodegeneration after ischemic stroke.
Kimberley A Jones,Steven Maltby,Maximilian Plank,Murielle G. Kluge,Michael Nilsson,Paul S. Foster,Frederick R. Walker +6 more
TL;DR: Investigating whether immune cells are present in sites of SND and, if so, how these cell populations compare to those in the peri-infarct zone indicates that infiltrating immune cells persist in ischemic tissue after the acute isChemic phase, and are increased in sitesof SND.
Journal ArticleDOI
Brain-gut axis after stroke.
Awadhesh K. Arya,Bingren Hu +1 more
TL;DR: Recent advances in the studies of the brain–gut axis after stroke are discussed, the key issues to be solved, and the future directions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Role of Immune Cells Migrating to the Ischemic Brain
TL;DR: This review will focus on neutrophils, monocyte/macrophages, and T and NK (natural killer) lymphocytes, which are the innate immune cells resident in the brain parenchyma and are regarded as targets for therapeutic intervention in acute stroke.
Journal ArticleDOI
Carcinoembryonic Antigen–Related Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 Inhibits MMP-9–Mediated Blood–Brain–Barrier Breakdown in a Mouse Model for Ischemic Stroke
Peter Ludewig,Jan Sedlacik,Mathias Gelderblom,Christian Bernreuther,Yücel Korkusuz,Christoph Wagener,Christian Gerloff,Jens Fiehler,Tim Magnus,Andrea Kristina Horst +9 more
TL;DR: CEACAM1 is proposed as an important inhibitory regulator of neutrophil-mediated tissue damage and BBB breakdown in focal cerebral ischemia and neutralization of matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity in Ceacam1−/− mice was sufficient to alleviate stroke sizes and improve survival to the level of CEACam1-competent animals.
Journal ArticleDOI
De novo expression of dopamine D2 receptors on microglia after stroke
Jojanneke H J Huck,Dorette Freyer,Chotima Böttcher,Mihovil Mladinov,Claudia Muselmann-Genschow,Mareike Thielke,Nadine Gladow,Dana Bloomquist,Philipp Mergenthaler,Philipp Mergenthaler,Josef Priller +10 more
TL;DR: It is found that cultured primary microglia express dopamine D1, D2, D3, D4, and D5 receptors, and the D2/3R agonist, pramipexole, enhanced the secretion of nitrite by culturedmicroglia in response to proinflammatory stimuli, suggesting that dopamine may serve as a modulator of microglial function during neuroinflammation.
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