Temporal and Spatial Dynamics of Cerebral Immune Cell Accumulation in Stroke
Mathias Gelderblom,Frank Leypoldt,Karin Steinbach,Doerthe Behrens,Chi-Un Choe,Dominic A. Siler,Thiruma V. Arumugam,Ellen Orthey,Christian Gerloff,Eva Tolosa,Tim Magnus +10 more
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TLDR
The peculiar activation pattern and massive increase of antigen-presenting cells in temporal conjunction with regulatory cells might provide additional insight into poststroke immune regulation.Abstract:
Background and Purpose— Ischemic stroke leads to significant morbidity and mortality in the Western world Early reperfusion strategies remain the treatment of choice but can initiate and augment an inflammatory response causing secondary brain damage The understanding of postischemic inflammation is very limited The objectives of this study were to define the temporal and spatial infiltration of immune cell populations and their activation patterns in a murine cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury model Methods— Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion was induced for 1 hour followed by 12-hour to 7-day reperfusion in C57/BL6 mice Immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry were used to quantify the infiltrating immune cell subsets Results— Accumulation of microglia and infiltration of the ischemic hemisphere by macrophages, lymphocytes, and dendritic cells (DCs) preceded the neutrophilic influx DCs were found to increase 20-fold and constituted a substantial proportion of infiltrating cells DCs exhiread more
Citations
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Leukocyte Recruitment and Ischemic Brain Injury
Gokhan Yilmaz,D. Neil Granger +1 more
TL;DR: Evidence implicating regulatory T-cells as cerebroprotective modulators of the inflammatory and tissue injury responses to brain I/R support a continued focus on leukocytes as a target for therapeutic intervention in ischemic stroke.
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Microglia in ischemic brain injury.
TL;DR: In this article, the role of specific molecular signaling systems, such as hypoxia inducible factor-1 and Toll-like receptor-4, in regulating the microglial response in acute ischemic stroke is discussed.
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The role of IL-17 in CNS diseases
TL;DR: Evidence is supplied here that inhibiting the function of the IL-17 cytokine family could have a beneficial effect on pathogenic conditions in the central nervous system (CNS).
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Depletion of microglia exacerbates postischemic inflammation and brain injury.
Wei Na Jin,Samuel Xiang Yu Shi,Zhiguo Li,Zhiguo Li,Minshu Li,Minshu Li,Kristofer Wood,Rayna J. Gonzales,Qiang Liu,Qiang Liu +9 more
TL;DR: Using a mouse model of transient focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion, it is demonstrated that depletion of microglia via administration of the dual CSF1R/c-Kit inhibitor PLX3397 exacerbates neurodeficits and brain infarction and suggests that neuroprotective effects ofmicroglia may result, in part, from its inhibitory action on astrocyte response after ischemIA.
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The role of microglia and myeloid immune cells in acute cerebral ischemia
TL;DR: Recent literature concerning the origins, fate and role of microglia, monocytes and neutrophils in models of cerebral ischemia are summarized and their relevance for human stroke is discussed.
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