Temporal and Spatial Dynamics of Cerebral Immune Cell Accumulation in Stroke
Mathias Gelderblom,Frank Leypoldt,Karin Steinbach,Doerthe Behrens,Chi-Un Choe,Dominic A. Siler,Thiruma V. Arumugam,Ellen Orthey,Christian Gerloff,Eva Tolosa,Tim Magnus +10 more
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TLDR
The peculiar activation pattern and massive increase of antigen-presenting cells in temporal conjunction with regulatory cells might provide additional insight into poststroke immune regulation.Abstract:
Background and Purpose— Ischemic stroke leads to significant morbidity and mortality in the Western world Early reperfusion strategies remain the treatment of choice but can initiate and augment an inflammatory response causing secondary brain damage The understanding of postischemic inflammation is very limited The objectives of this study were to define the temporal and spatial infiltration of immune cell populations and their activation patterns in a murine cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury model Methods— Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion was induced for 1 hour followed by 12-hour to 7-day reperfusion in C57/BL6 mice Immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry were used to quantify the infiltrating immune cell subsets Results— Accumulation of microglia and infiltration of the ischemic hemisphere by macrophages, lymphocytes, and dendritic cells (DCs) preceded the neutrophilic influx DCs were found to increase 20-fold and constituted a substantial proportion of infiltrating cells DCs exhiread more
Citations
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Pathophysiology, treatment, and animal and cellular models of human ischemic stroke
Trent M. Woodruff,John Thundyil,Sung-Chun Tang,Christopher G. Sobey,Stephen M. Taylor,Thiruma V. Arumugam +5 more
TL;DR: This review explores the etiology and pathogenesis of ischemic stroke, and provides a general model of such, and explores new and emerging approaches for the prevention and treatment of stroke.
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The biphasic function of microglia in ischemic stroke.
TL;DR: The mechanisms involved in regulating microglia activation and polarization were reviewed and the role of microRNAs and transplanted stem cells in mediating microgliancation and polarization during brain ischemia was studied.
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Inflammation in intracerebral hemorrhage: from mechanisms to clinical translation.
TL;DR: This review summarizes recent progress concerning the mechanisms underlying ICH-induced inflammation, and focuses on the inflammatory signaling pathways involved in microglial activation and TLR signaling, and explores potential therapeutic interventions by targeting the removal of hematoma components and inhibition ofTLR signaling.
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The role of peripheral immune cells in the CNS in steady state and disease
Marco Prinz,Josef Priller +1 more
TL;DR: Strategies for targeting peripheral immune cells to reduce CNS disease burden are assessed on the basis of observations of myeloid cells in the CNS parenchyma and at CNS–periphery interfaces.
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Temporal pattern of expression and colocalization of microglia/macrophage phenotype markers following brain ischemic injury in mice
TL;DR: These data show that the ischemic lesion is accompanied by activation of specific microglia/macrophage phenotype that presents distinctive spatial and temporal features that provide a basis for understanding this complex response and for developing strategies resulting in promotion of a protective inflammatory phenotype.
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