Temporal and Spatial Dynamics of Cerebral Immune Cell Accumulation in Stroke
Mathias Gelderblom,Frank Leypoldt,Karin Steinbach,Doerthe Behrens,Chi-Un Choe,Dominic A. Siler,Thiruma V. Arumugam,Ellen Orthey,Christian Gerloff,Eva Tolosa,Tim Magnus +10 more
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TLDR
The peculiar activation pattern and massive increase of antigen-presenting cells in temporal conjunction with regulatory cells might provide additional insight into poststroke immune regulation.Abstract:
Background and Purpose— Ischemic stroke leads to significant morbidity and mortality in the Western world Early reperfusion strategies remain the treatment of choice but can initiate and augment an inflammatory response causing secondary brain damage The understanding of postischemic inflammation is very limited The objectives of this study were to define the temporal and spatial infiltration of immune cell populations and their activation patterns in a murine cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury model Methods— Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion was induced for 1 hour followed by 12-hour to 7-day reperfusion in C57/BL6 mice Immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry were used to quantify the infiltrating immune cell subsets Results— Accumulation of microglia and infiltration of the ischemic hemisphere by macrophages, lymphocytes, and dendritic cells (DCs) preceded the neutrophilic influx DCs were found to increase 20-fold and constituted a substantial proportion of infiltrating cells DCs exhiread more
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Circulating brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and frequency of BDNF positive T cells in peripheral blood in human ischemic stroke: Effect on outcome.
TL;DR: Enhancement of BDNF production after stroke could be a useful means of improving neuroprotection and recovery after stroke.
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Implications of polymorphonuclear neutrophils for ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage: Predictive value, pathophysiological consequences and utility as therapeutic target.
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Embryonic Stem Cell Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Modulate Regulatory T Cells to Protect against Ischemic Stroke.
TL;DR: In this paper, ESC-sEVs are intravenously administered after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion and shown to significantly decrease leukocyte infiltration, inflammatory cytokine expression, neuronal death and infarct volume and alleviate long-term neurological deficits and tissue loss after ischemic stroke.
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Moderate hypothermia inhibits brain inflammation and attenuates stroke-induced immunodepression in rats.
Lijuan Gu,Lijuan Gu,Xiaoxing Xiong,Takashi Ito,Jessica A. Lee,Baohui Xu,Sheri M. Krams,Gary K. Steinberg,Heng Zhao +8 more
TL;DR: The effects in rats of moderate intra‐ischemic hypothermia on SIID and brain inflammation are investigated and the role in stroke‐induced immunodepression of the peripheral immune system remains unknown.
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