Temporal and Spatial Dynamics of Cerebral Immune Cell Accumulation in Stroke
Mathias Gelderblom,Frank Leypoldt,Karin Steinbach,Doerthe Behrens,Chi-Un Choe,Dominic A. Siler,Thiruma V. Arumugam,Ellen Orthey,Christian Gerloff,Eva Tolosa,Tim Magnus +10 more
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TLDR
The peculiar activation pattern and massive increase of antigen-presenting cells in temporal conjunction with regulatory cells might provide additional insight into poststroke immune regulation.Abstract:
Background and Purpose— Ischemic stroke leads to significant morbidity and mortality in the Western world Early reperfusion strategies remain the treatment of choice but can initiate and augment an inflammatory response causing secondary brain damage The understanding of postischemic inflammation is very limited The objectives of this study were to define the temporal and spatial infiltration of immune cell populations and their activation patterns in a murine cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury model Methods— Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion was induced for 1 hour followed by 12-hour to 7-day reperfusion in C57/BL6 mice Immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry were used to quantify the infiltrating immune cell subsets Results— Accumulation of microglia and infiltration of the ischemic hemisphere by macrophages, lymphocytes, and dendritic cells (DCs) preceded the neutrophilic influx DCs were found to increase 20-fold and constituted a substantial proportion of infiltrating cells DCs exhiread more
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FasL incapacitation alleviates CD4+ T cells-induced brain injury through remodeling of microglia polarization in mouse ischemic stroke.
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that CD4+ T cells could induce M1 microglia polarization through NF-κB signaling pathway, whereas FasL mutant CD4- T cells significantly reversed this effect, suggesting a therapeutic potential for control of inflammation responses after ischemic stroke.
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ATP-binding cassette transporters in immortalised human brain microvascular endothelial cells in normal and hypoxic conditions
Christian Lindner,Alexander Sigrüner,Franziska Walther,Ulrich Bogdahn,Pierre Olivier Couraud,Gert Schmitz,Felix Schlachetzki +6 more
TL;DR: The data suggests that hCMEC/D3 cell line and in vitro models in general are a poor basis for stroke research but may be enhanced by co-culturing more cells of the neurovascular unit inducing an overall ischemic response at the BBB.
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Recombinant T-cell receptor ligand RTL1000 limits inflammation and decreases infarct size after experimental ischemic stroke in middle-aged mice.
Wenbin Zhu,Abby L. Dotson,Nicole L. Libal,Andrew Lapato,Sheetal Bodhankar,Halina Offner,Nabil J. Alkayed +6 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that RTL1000 protects against ischemic stroke in middle-aged male mice by limiting post-ischemic inflammation.
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Upregulation of CD74 and its potential association with disease severity in subjects with ischemic stroke
Liu Yang,Ying Kong,Honglei Ren,Minshu Li,Chang Juan Wei,Elaine Shi,Wei Na Jin,Junwei Hao,Arthur A. Vandenbark,Halina Offner +9 more
TL;DR: Increased MIF and CD74 expression levels may serve as a useful biomarker for worse stroke severity and predicted outcomes in subjects with ischemic stroke and provide a rationale for potential future treatment with pMHC constructs.
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Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion aggravated cerebral infarction injury and possible differential genes identified by RNA-Seq in rats.
TL;DR: It is concluded that TLR4/MYD88 inflammatory signaling pathway and HRAS/RAF1 neurotrophic signaling pathway may be play different roles after cerebral I or I/R and may be therapeutic targets for stroke recovery.
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