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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

Trained immunity, tolerance, priming and differentiation: distinct immunological processes.

Maziar Divangahi, +52 more
- 01 Jan 2021 - 
- Vol. 22, Iss: 1, pp 2-6
TLDR
A common framework is established that describes the experimental standards for defining trained immunity in both in vitro and in vivo settings, as well as in experimental models and human subjects.
Abstract
The similarities and differences between trained immunity and other immune processes are the subject of intense interrogation. Therefore, a consensus on the definition of trained immunity in both in vitro and in vivo settings, as well as in experimental models and human subjects, is necessary for advancing this field of research. Here we aim to establish a common framework that describes the experimental standards for defining trained immunity.

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Citations
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TLR Agonists as Mediators of Trained Immunity: Mechanistic Insight and Immunotherapeutic Potential to Combat Infection

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide an overview on TLR signaling and their current understanding of TLR agonists which show promise as immunotherapeutic agents for combating infection, and a brief discussion on the underlying mechanisms is also provided.
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The Interplay between the Gut Microbiome and the Immune System in the Context of Infectious Diseases throughout Life and the Role of Nutrition in Optimizing Treatment Strategies.

TL;DR: The mechanisms involved in maintaining the intricate balance between the microbiota, gut health, the local immune response, and systemic immunity are described, linking this to infectious diseases throughout life, and the impact of nutrition in infectious disease prevention and treatment is highlighted.
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Biology of lung macrophages in health and disease.

TL;DR: In this article , a review describes how scRNA-seq and spatial transcriptomics can separate these subpopulations and help unravel the complexity of macrophage biology in homeostasis and disease.
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Immune evasion and provocation by Mycobacterium tuberculosis

TL;DR: Chandra et al. as mentioned in this paper discuss immune evasion and provocation by M. tuberculosis during its infection cycle and describe how a more detailed molecular understanding is crucial to enable the development of novel host-directed therapies, disease biomarkers and effective vaccines.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Tissue-Resident Macrophage Enhancer Landscapes Are Shaped by the Local Microenvironment

TL;DR: A combination of tissue- and lineage-specific transcription factors form the regulatory networks controlling chromatin specification in tissue-resident macrophages, and the environment is capable of shaping the chromatin landscape of transplanted bone marrow precursors, and even differentiated macrophage can be reprogrammed when transferred into a new microenvironment.
Journal ArticleDOI

Gene-specific control of inflammation by TLR-induced chromatin modifications

TL;DR: Using an in vitro system of lipopolysaccharide tolerance in murine macrophages, it is shown that TLR-induced genes fall into two categories on the basis of their functions and regulatory requirements and it is demonstrated that representatives from the two classes acquire distinct patterns of TLr-induced chromatin modifications.
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