Rob Knight

TL;DR: It is found that the microbiota affects the chemistry of all organs, including amino acid conjugations of host bile acids that were used to produce phenylalanocholic acid, tyrosocholic acid and leucocholic Acid, which have not previously been characterized despite extensive research on bile-acid chemistry.

TL;DR: BugBase is presented, an algorithm that predicts organism-level coverage of functional pathways as well as biologically interpretable phenotypes such as oxygen tolerance, Gram staining and pathogenic potential, within complex microbiomes using either whole-genome shotgun or marker gene sequencing data.

TL;DR: It is shown that the convergence of dietary factors and dysregulated WNT signaling alters BA profiles to drive malignant transformations in Lgr5-expressing cancer stem cells and promote an adenoma-to-adenocarcinoma progression.

TL;DR: It is suggested that future experiments focus on testing whether core bacteria on salamander skin contribute to the observed resistance to chytridiomycosis in this species even under hygenic captive conditions, and using PICRUSt, an exploratory bioinformatics tool to predict gene functions, it is found that core skin bacteria provided similar gene functions to the entire community.

TL;DR: The birth of a concept and practical approach to exploring microbial life on earth, the Earth Microbiome Project (EMP), is born and how it can be applied to exploration of the microbiome of each ecosystem on this planet is provided.