Aligarh Muslim University

About: Aligarh Muslim University is a education organization based out in Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Adsorption. The organization has 8218 authors who have published 16416 publications receiving 289068 citations. The organization is also known as: AMU.

Phytochemicals as modulators of M1-M2 macrophages in inflammation

Abstract: // Uzma Saqib 1 , Sutripta Sarkar 2 , Kyoungho Suk 3 , Owais Mohammad 4 , Mirza S. Baig 5 and Rajkumar Savai 6, 7 1 Discipline of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Indore, MP, India 2 PostGraduate Department of Food & Nutrition, BRSN College (affiliated to WBSU), Kolkata, WB, India 3 Department of Pharmacology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Joong-gu Daegu, South Korea 4 Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University (AMU), Aligarh, UP, India 5 Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Indore, MP, India 6 Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University, Giessen 35392, Germany 7 Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Member of the DZL, Bad Nauheim, Germany Correspondence to: Mirza S. Baig, email: msb@iiti.ac.in Rajkumar Savai email: rajkumar.savai@mpi-bn.mpg.de Keywords: Anti-inflammatory cytokines; inflammation; M1–M2 macrophages; natural compounds; pro-inflammatory cytokines Received: December 21, 2017 Accepted: February 25, 2018 Published: April 03, 2018 ABSTRACT Macrophages are critical mediators of the innate immune response against foreign pathogens, including bacteria, physical stress, and injury. Therefore, these cells play a key role in the “inflammatory pathway” which in turn can lead to an array of diseases and disorders such as autoimmune neuropathies and myocarditis, inflammatory bowel disease, atherosclerosis, sepsis, arthritis, diabetes, and angiogenesis. Recently, more studies have focused on the macrophages inflammatory diseases since the discovery of the two subtypes of macrophages, which are differentiated on the basis of their phenotype and distinct gene expression pattern. Of these, M1 macrophages are pro-inflammatory and responsible for inflammatory signaling, while M2 are anti-inflammatory macrophages that participate in the resolution of the inflammatory process, M2 macrophages produce anti-inflammatory cytokines, thereby contributing to tissue healing. Many studies have shown the role of these two subtypes in the inflammatory pathway, and their emergence appears to decide the fate of inflammatory signaling and disease progression. As a next step in directing the pro-inflammatory response toward the anti-inflammatory type after an insult by a foreign pathogen (e. g., bacterial lipopolysaccharide), investigators have identified many natural compounds that have the potential to modulate M1 to M2 macrophages. In this review, we provide a focused discussion of advances in the identification of natural therapeutic molecules with anti-inflammatory properties that modulate the phenotype of macrophages from M1 to M2.

One-step hydrothermal synthesis of Bi-TiO2 nanotube/graphene composites: An efficient photocatalyst for spectacular degradation of organic pollutants under visible light irradiation

Abstract: In the present study, we have adopted a simple one-pot alkaline hydrothermal route to synthesize Bi-doped TiO2NT/graphene composites by using different wt% of Bi with an aim to achieve the excellent photocatalytic activity under visible light source. The nature of GO is changed to deoxygenated graphene with simultaneous embedding of Bi into TiO2 nanotube (TNT), during hydrothermal process. XRD and FTIR analysis confirm the successful conversion of GO to deoxygenated graphene. EPR analysis reveals the co-existence of Ti3+ ion with oxygen vacancy, which is created by the Bi doping. The photocatalytic activity of the prepared samples is measured by the degradation of aqueous suspensions of methylene blue (MB) and Dinoseb (phenolic herbicide), under visible-light irradiation. The prepared TiO2NT/graphene composite with 2-wt% bismuth (2-BTNTG) has shown the improved photocatalytic activity as compared to their counterparts. The improved photocatalytic activity is associated to the synergistic effect of graphene and Bi-TNT, which facilitate the interfacial charge transfer and enhances the efficiency of light harvesting in the visible region. Moreover, the underlying mechanism involving photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants over 2-BTNTG is explored by using trapping experiments, suggesting that the .OH radicals solely contributed to degradation.

Emergency treatment of a snake bite: Pearls from literature.

Abstract: Snake bite is a well-known occupational hazard amongst farmers, plantation workers, and other outdoor workers and results in much morbidity and mortality throughout the world. This occupational hazard is no more an issue restricted to a particular part of the world; it has become a global issue. Accurate statistics of the incidence of snakebite and its morbidity and mortality throughout the world does not exist; however, it is certain to be higher than what is reported. This is because even today most of the victims initially approach traditional healers for treatment and many are not even registered in the hospital. Hence, registering such patients is an important goal if we are to have accurate statistics and reduce the morbidity and mortality due to snakebite. World Health Organization/South East Asian Region Organisation (WHO/SEARO) has published guidelines, specific for the South East Asian region, for the clinical management of snakebites. The same guidelines may be applied for managing snakebite patients in other parts of the world also, since no other professional body has come up with any other evidence-based guidelines. In this article we highlight the incidence and clinical features of different types of snakebite and the management guidelines as per the WHO/SEARO recommendation.