Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology

About: Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology is a education organization based out in Topi, Pakistan. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Thin film & Quantum efficiency. The organization has 618 authors who have published 940 publications receiving 10674 citations.

An institutional perspective on entrepreneurship in a conflict environment: Evidence from Pakistan

Abstract: Purpose – In this paper, an institutional perspective is used to examine the different kinds of pressures on entrepreneurs manifest in a conflict environment. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how they respond to the conflict and establish legitimacy for their entrepreneurship in the challenging context of the north western areas of Pakistan. Design/methodology/approach – In this study, a qualitative approach is taken based on semi-structured interviews from 16 different firms in the Swat valley. Findings – The entrepreneurs undertake different strategies towards dealing with conflict and establishing legitimacy. These strategies are identified and examined in relation to the interactions between entrepreneurial behaviour and institutional pressures. Research limitations/implications – Qualitative research on a small sample inevitably presents a limitation on the generalisability of this work. Further research could employ quantitative methods to address this issue. One particular location is st...

Photocatalytic degradation of crystal violet dye under sunlight by chitosan-encapsulated ternary metal selenide microspheres.

Abstract: Organic dyes that are extensively released in wastewater from various industries remain the priority concern in the modern world. Therefore, a novel catalyst, bismuth–iron selenide, was prepared through the solvothermal process for photocatalytic degradation of a carcinogenic crystal violet dye. The catalyst was supported with chitosan to form iron–bismuth selenide–chitosan microspheres (BISe-CM). The synthesized catalyst was composed of iron, bismuth, and selenium in a definite proportion based on EDX analysis. FTIR analysis confirmed the synthesis of BISe-CM from characteristic bands of metal selenium bond as well as the typical bands of chitosan. SEM analysis illustrated the average diameter of the barren catalyst to be 54.8 nm, while the average size of the microspheres was 982.5 um. The BISe-CM has the surface of a pore with an average size of 0.5 um. XRD analysis revealed that the synthesized catalyst was composed of Fe3Se4 and Bi2Se3. The prepared catalyst showed better degradation efficiency for crystal violet dye at optimized conditions under solar irradiation. Employing 0.2 g of BISe-CM resulted in complete degradation for 30 ppm of crystal violet dye in 150 min at pH 8.0. The reusability of the catalyst up to four consecutive times makes it a more attractive and practical candidate. Moreover, the catalyst followed pseudo-first-order kinetics in the decontamination of crystal violet. Conclusively, the novel photocatalyst showed the best decolorizing property of crystal violet under sunlight irradiation and could be a suitable alternative for dye decontamination from wastewater.

Electrochemical removal of methylene bleu dye in aqueous solution using Ti/RuO2–IrO2 and SnO2 electrodes

Abstract: The comparison of the degradation efficiency of two electrodes (Ti/RuO2–IrO2 and SnO2) has been evaluated using Methylene Bleu (MB) dye. The effect of several parameters on the degradation process ...

Degradation of Congo red dye using ternary metal selenide-chitosan microspheres as robust and reusable catalysts

Abstract: Water pollution is a threatening environmental concern these days, which requires serious attention Water is contaminated by the heavy discharge of industrial effluents containing organic wastes Herein, this research work focused on the demand for overcoming water pollution utilizing clean and renewable energy (solar light irradiations) sources for photocatalytic degradation of Congo red (CR) dye with the help of ternary metal selenide-chitosan microspheres (ZBiSe-CM) First, zinc–bismuth-selenide nanoparticles (ZBiSe-NPs) were successfully synthesized via the solvothermal process and then supported with chitosan to prevent leaching of the catalyst SEM micrographs showed the average size of newly synthesized nanocomposites catalysts was 309 nm The average size of the ZBiSe-CM microspheres was calculated as 812 um with a spherical shape and a porous surface The presence of prominent peaks in the EDX spectrum for bismuth, selenium, and zinc confirmed the synthesis of the nanoparticles XRD analysis demonstrated the calculated crystallite size of ZBiSe-NPs was 2704 nm The photocatalytic behavior of the catalyst was studied at optimized experimental conditions The ZBiSe-NPs showed high photocatalytic degradation efficiency (up to 9963%) for 40 ppm concentration of CR at catalyst dosage 0225 g, pH 80, and temperature 36–38 °C for 2 h of solar light illumination Photodegradation of CR dye in the presence of ZBiSe-CM follows pseudo-first-order kinetics and the ZBiSe-CM degraded CR dye in five consecutive cycles with high decontamination efficiency The newly synthesized ternary metal selenide-chitosan microspheres could be used for the decontamination of dyes from industrial wastewater