Ladoke Akintola University of Technology

About: Ladoke Akintola University of Technology is a education organization based out in Ogbomoso, Nigeria. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Adsorption. The organization has 2786 authors who have published 3066 publications receiving 36850 citations. The organization is also known as: Oyo State University of Technology & LAUTECH.

Men's knowledge of and attitude with respect to family planning in a suburban Nigerian community.

Abstract: Background Men's Knowledge of and attitudes to family planning (FP) in suburban and rural Nigeria is still poor despite a global move to increase the involvement of men in reproductive health matters. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to determine men's knowledge of and attitude to family planning at Ganmo, a sub-urban community on the outskirts of Ilorin, Nigeria. Method The study employed an interviewer administered semi-structured questionnaire to elicit information from 360 men in the households. Only males above the age of 15 years resident in the community were selected for interview A proportionate sampling procedure was employed in selecting the required numberof men from each of the 32 compounds that make up the community. Results Nearly all men (96.5%) were aware of family planning and a majority of them were aware of some common methods of family planning e.g. Oral Contraceptive Pills (OCPs) (72.5%), Injectables (69.2%), Condoms (86.6%) and Traditional methods (70.6%). Knowledge of other alternative female methods was low e.g. Norplant (17.5%), IUCD (26.3%), Diaphragm (39.8%), Vaginal cream (30.2%), Vaginal tablet (37.8%) and Vaginal sponge (16.8%), and Tubal Ligation (51.3%). Knowledge of male controlled FP methods like Withdrawal (49.6%), Rhythm or periodic abstinence (54.6%) and Vasectomy (28.6%) was also poor. The Respondents had low knowledge of common side effects of FP methods e.g. nausea (9.8%), vomiting (13.1%), abnormal menstruation (34.4%), pain (23.2%) and unwanted weight gain (17.0%); some 25.3%% of respondents had no knowledge of any side effects. The attitude of respondents to family planning was also relatively poor as only a moderate proportion of men supported the FP concept (52.7%) and the Nigerian Population Policy (54.8%) of "four children to a woman". Some 54.8% of respondents were in support of men discussing about FP with their spouses. The major reasons for non-approval of FP by men were the fear of side-effects (70.4%) and perception of FP as being against religion (52.1%). The predictors of poor FP attitude were not having formal education, practice of polygyny and to a lesser extent being a Muslim. Conclusion The study concluded that, men at Ganmo have limited knowledge of, and poor attitude to FP An intensive drive at a community based adult reproductive health education was advocated among other recommendations.

Association between insulin resistance and total plasma homocysteine levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in south west Nigeria

Abstract: Aim To determine the levels of serum homocysteine and its association with insulin resistance among T2DM patients at Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ile Ife Nigeria. Methods It was a cross sectional study. It involved consecutive recruitment of 100 T2DM subjects with 100 age and sex matched controls. The fasting plasma glucose, serum creatinine, fasting lipid profile, glycosylated haemoglobin levels, fasting serum insulin and plasma homocysteine concentration were done. Insulin resistance was also determined. SPSS version 17.0 was used for data analysis. Results The mean age of subjects was not significantly different from controls. (58.9 ± 8.3 vs. 59.0 ± 8.3 years, p = 0.926 respectively). Mean Homocysteine level (tHcy) was significantly higher among T2DM subjects compared to controls (27.4 ± 12.1 and 8.3 ± 3.2 μmol/L respectively, p = 0.0001). Hyperhomocystinaemia was commoner among diabetic subjects compared with controls (81% vs. 5%, p Conclusion The study showed higher homocysteine levels in T2DM than controls. Homocysteine level is worsened by increasing insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia and poor glucose control. Homocysteine level is a potential cardiovascular risk marker in type 2 diabetic mellitus subjects.

Phenotypic and molecular characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from Ekiti State, Nigeria

Abstract: Introduction The characteristics and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Staphylococcus aureus differs according to geographical regions and in relation to antibiotic usage. The aim of this study was to determine the biochemical characteristics of the prevalent S. aureus from Ekiti State, Nigeria, and to evaluate three commonly used disk diffusion methods (cefoxitin, oxacillin, and methicillin) for the detection of methicillin resistance in comparison with mecA gene detection by polymerase chain reaction. Materials and methods A total of 208 isolates of S. aureus recovered from clinical specimens were included in this study. Standard microbiological procedures were employed in isolating the strains. Susceptibility of each isolate to methicillin (5 μg), oxacillin (1 μg), and cefoxitin (30 μg) was carried out using the modified Kirby-Bauer/Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute disk diffusion technique. They were also tested against panels of antibiotics including vancomycin. The conventional polymerase chain reaction method was used to detect the presence of the mecA gene. Results Phenotypic resistance to methicillin, oxacillin, and cefoxitin were 32.7%, 40.3%, and 46.5%, respectively. The mecA gene was detected in 40 isolates, giving a methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) prevalence of 19.2%. The S. aureus isolates were resistant to penicillin (82.7%) and tetracycline (65.4%), but largely susceptible to erythromycin (78.8% sensitive), pefloxacin (82.7%), and gentamicin (88.5%). When compared to the mecA gene as the gold standard for MRSA detection, methicillin, oxacillin, and cefoxitin gave sensitivity rates of 70%, 80%, and 100%, and specificity rates of 76.2%, 69.1%, and 78.5% respectively. Conclusion When compared with previous studies employing mecA polymerase chain reaction for MRSA detection, the prevalence of 19.2% reported in Ekiti State, Nigeria in this study is an indication of gradual rise in the prevalence of MRSA in Nigeria. A cefoxitin (30 μg) disk diffusion test is recommended above methicillin and oxacillin for the phenotypic detection of MRSA in clinical laboratories.

The impact of acne and facial post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation on quality of life and self-esteem of newly admitted Nigerian undergraduates

Abstract: Background Acne and facial post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation are relatively common clinical conditions among adolescents and young adults, and inflict psychosocial injuries on sufferers. Objective To document the psychosocial and self-esteem implications of acne and facial hyperpigmentation on newly admitted undergraduates. Materials and methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 200 undergraduates. Demographics and clinical characteristics were obtained and acne was graded using the US Food and Drug Administration 5-category global system of acne classification. Participants completed the Cardiff Acne Disability Index (CADI) and the Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSES), and data were analyzed using SPSS 20. Results Mean age of acne onset was 16.24 ± 3.32 years. There were 168 (84.0%) cases categorized as almost clear, 24 (12.0%) as mild acne, 4 (2.0%) as moderate acne and 4 (2.0%) as severe acne. Acne with facial hyperpigmentation, compared to acne without hyperpigmentation, was associated with significant level of anxiety in 30 participants (26.5% vs 10.3%, p=0.004) and emotional distress in 40 (35.4% vs 10.3%, p<0.001). Acne severity correlated with total CADI score but not with total RSES score. Quality of life (QoL) was significantly reduced among acne patients with facial hyperpigmentation (1.77±1.62, vs 1.07±1.02, p<0.001) compared to those without hyperpigmentation. Acne and facial hyperpigmentation was associated with social life interference, avoidance of public facilities, poor body image and self-esteem and perception of worse disease. There was no association between gender and QoL but acne was related to a reduction of self-worth. Low self-esteem was present in 1.5%, and severe acne was associated with an occasional feeling of uselessness in the male gender. Conclusion Acne with facial hyperpigmentation induces poorer QoL and self-esteem is impaired only in severe acne. Beyond the medical treatment of acne, dermatologists should routinely assess the QoL and give attention to treatment of facial post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation among people of color.

Association of virulence genes with mecA gene in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from Tertiary Hospitals in Nigeria

Abstract: Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus is the etiological agent for a wide range of human infections, and its pathogenicity largely depends on various virulence factors associated with adherence, evasion of the immune system and damage of the host. This study determined the prevalence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and some selected virulence genes in clinical isolates of S. aureus from South-Western Nigeria. Materials and Methods: The antibiotic susceptibility of 156 S. aureus isolates to various antibiotics was determined. Moreover, polymerase chain reaction detection of the mecA gene was performed including SCCmec typing, and the isolates were screened for selected genes (alpha hemolysin [hla], intracellular adhesion A [icaA], Panton-Valentine leukocidin [PVL], fibronectin binding protein A [fnbA], bone sialoprotein binding protein [bbp], exfoliative toxin A [eta], exfoliative toxin B [etb], and collagen binding adhesion [cna]) associated with virulence. Results: The prevalence of mecA gene was 42.3% (66 out of 156 S. aureus), and SCCmec typing showed that 24 (36.4%) carried the SCCmec II element, 4 (6.1%) with type III, 10 (15.2%) with SCCmec IV, and 28 (42.4%) harbored type V. The proportion of S. aureus with the following genes was ascertained: Hla (55.1%), icaA (42.3%), PVL (34.6%), fnbA (8.3%), bbp (4.5%), and eta (3.8%). All the isolates were etb and cna negative. The prevalence of the PVL gene in methicillin susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) was 53.3% compared with 9.1% of MRSA. An association between virulence genes (eta and icaA) and mecA positive S. aureus; and significant difference in the distribution of virulence genes in in-patients and out-patients were found. The MRSA strains in South-Western Nigeria were dominated by SCCmec II and SCCmec V. Conclusion: The study concluded that there is a high prevalence of MRSA in Nigeria with association of eta and icaA genes with mecA gene in S. aureus isolates.