Ladoke Akintola University of Technology

About: Ladoke Akintola University of Technology is a education organization based out in Ogbomoso, Nigeria. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Adsorption. The organization has 2786 authors who have published 3066 publications receiving 36850 citations. The organization is also known as: Oyo State University of Technology & LAUTECH.

Metabolic syndrome: comparison of occurrence using three definitions in hypertensive patients.

Abstract: Metabolic syndrome refers to the clustering or constellation of cardiovascular disease risk factors. The risk factors include elevated blood pressure, dyslipidemia (hypertriglyceridemia, low levels of high density lipoprotein [HDL] cholesterol), hyperglycemia, and central obesity.1,2 Hypertension is a common cardiovascular disease risk factor worldwide.3,4,5 Hypertension frequently coexists with many other cardiovascular disease risk factors such as obesity, dyslipidemia, impaired glucose tolerance (or hyperglycemia), and hyperuricemia.6–10 There are many definitions of metabolic syndrome, as recommended by the various working groups.11–13 However, the core components of the syndrome which include increased waist circumference, impaired glucose tolerance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, are commonly required by all the various groups for diagnosis.1,11–13 Prevalence of metabolic syndrome varies in different populations and is influenced by several factors including age, race, gender, socio-economic status, work-related activities, and cultural views on body fat.14 Although the various definitions measure similar components, each uses different combinations of cardiovascular disease risk factors. The World Health Organization (WHO) in 1999 made insulin resistance evaluated by the euglycemic study as the pivot for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome.11,14 The National Cholesterol and Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III), International Diabetes Federation (IDF), and American Association of Clinical Endocrinology (AACE) adopted visceral obesity as the pivot for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome. However, the European Group for the Study of Insulin Resistance (EGIR) suggested that the underlying etiology in the clustering of cardiovascular risk factors is insulin resistance.11–14 The WHO, NCEP ATP III, and IDF criteria for diagnosis of metabolic syndrome are outlined in table 1▶. Table 1. Definition of metabolic syndrome based on different criteria used. Metabolic syndrome has been associated with an increased tendency to develop type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases.15–17 The various criteria identify similar sets of people with cardiovascular risk factor clustering. The IDF definition includes a race-specific cut-off for visceral obesity. Abdominal obesity is race- and gender-specific as suggested by many population studies.1,10 Information on the frequency of occurrence of metabolic syndrome in newly diagnosed hypertensive Black African patients is scarce. A comparative analysis of three standard international definitions for diagnosing metabolic syndrome is expected to give an overview of the frequency of metabolic syndrome in a population. The aim of this study was to compare the frequency of occurrence of metabolic syndrome using three standard international criteria/definitions and to study the distribution of cardiovascular risk factors among newly diagnosed hypertensive Nigerians.

Mesoporous activated carbon from Pentace species sawdust via microwave-induced KOH activation: optimization and methylene blue adsorption

Abstract: This work studied the optimization of preparation conditions of Pentace species sawdust activated carbon (PSAC) via microwave-induced KOH activation for the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous solutions. The produced activated carbon was characterised through Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area and pore structural analysis, proximate and ultimate, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Response surface methodology technique was used to optimize the radiation power, radiation time and impregnation ratio for MB removal and PSAC yield through central composite design. The optimum preparation conditions for PSAC were obtained at a radiation power of 418 W, radiation time of 6.4 min, and an impregnation ratio of 0.5, which resulted in 27% PSAC yield and 93.74% MB removal. A mesoporous structure of PSAC was formed, with a BET surface area, total pore volume and average pore diameter of 914.15 m2/g, 0.52 cm3/g, and 3.19 nm, respectively. The experimental kinetic data were well described by a pseudo-second-order model and intraparticle diffusion. Adsorption data fitted the Redlich–Peterson equation better than the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Dubinin–Radushkevich and Sips equations. However, the exponential value of Redlich–Peterson approached unity, hence, resulting in the original Langmuir equation, with adsorption capacity of 357.14 mg/g. The adsorption performance was effectively preserved even after four consecutive cycles, demonstrating good regeneration ability.

Phytochemical, antioxidant and antimicrobial assay of mushroom metabolite from Pleurotus pulmonarius –LAU 09 (JF736658)

Abstract: The phytochemical, antioxidant and antimicrobial in vitro assay of Pleurotus pulmonarius-LAU09 (JF736658) was evaluated. The metabolite obtained from Pleurotus pulmonarius was characterized by IR analysis. It revealed the absorption of O-H, C-H, C-O bonds and hydrated water peaks (1650.6cm-1), without no absorption at uronic acid peak (1730cm-1). 1HNMR spectrum analysis of the metabolite has anomeric carbon peaks of 5.10 and 4.51ppm, characterized as α and β linkages of glucan compoumd. The phytochemical screening of the mushroom extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, steroids, phlobatannins, flavonoids and anthraquinones. The metabolite was active against all tested pathogens except Pseudomonas aeruginosa with percentage activity of 85.75%. The highest zone of inhibition was obtained against Staphylococcus aureus (30mm), while the lowest zone size obtained was against E. coli (7mm). The antioxidant activity of evaluated mushroom extracts gave positive results with free radical scavenging activity found to be higher in all used in vitro methods. The result obtained from this study has shown the potential of mushroom extract as a potent therapeutic agent and a food supplement. Keywords: phytochemical, antioxidant, antimicrobial, metabolite, mushroom.