Ladoke Akintola University of Technology

About: Ladoke Akintola University of Technology is a education organization based out in Ogbomoso, Nigeria. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Adsorption. The organization has 2786 authors who have published 3066 publications receiving 36850 citations. The organization is also known as: Oyo State University of Technology & LAUTECH.

Analysis of Challenges Facing Rice Processing in Nigeria

Abstract: Rice is the most economically important food crop in many developing countries and has also become a major crop in many developed countries where its consumption has increased considerably. It has become necessary to meet the demand of the world’s current population growth rate, and the least costly means for achieving this aim is to increase rice productivity, wherever possible. The main challenges encountered by rice processors in Nigeria are to find appropriate solutions for quality rice processing. Therefore this work provides basic information about the challenges of rice processing and focuses on the challenges faced by the small scale rice processors and reasons for continuous rice importation with a view to guiding decision-making to be self-sufficient in rice production, thereby making some improvement in Nigerian economy.

Effects of processing conditions and packaging material on the quality attributes of dry‐roasted peanuts

Abstract: Five different processing conditions of raw shelled unblanched peanuts were investigated. The first two treatments involved soaking the peanuts in tap water for 10 and 30 min respectively, then mixing thoroughly with dry NaCl before roasting. Another two treatments involved soaking the peanuts in saturated brine solution for 10 and 30 min respectively before roasting. Unsalted roasted peanuts served as the control. Packaging and storage studies were carried out by packaging the differently treated dry-roasted peanuts in four different packaging materials and storing them under three different relative humidities for 3 months at ambient temperature. Proximate composition, NaCl content, peroxide value and thiobarbituric acid value were determined and sensory evaluation tests were carried out. Salting was found to improve the taste, flavour and overall acceptability of dry-roasted peanuts but had no effect on shelf-life. Peanuts treated in saturated brine solution for 30 min before roasting were the most preferred. The control packaging material, 18 µm transparent polyethylene, was found to be inadequate for protecting the quality attributes of dry-roasted peanuts, with mould growth being observed on the 42nd day of storage at 80% relative humidity. However, acceptable results were obtained with 45 µm transparent polypropylene. The mean sensory scores and objective tests were found to be negatively correlated. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry

Association Studies and Direct DNA Sequencing Implicate Genetic Susceptibility Loci in the Etiology of Nonsyndromic Orofacial Clefts in Sub-Saharan African Populations:

Abstract: Orofacial clefts (OFCs) are congenital dysmorphologies of the human face and oral cavity, with a global incidence of 1 per 700 live births. These anomalies exhibit a multifactorial pattern of inheritance, with genetic and environmental factors both playing crucial roles. Many loci have been implicated in the etiology of nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) in populations of Asian and European ancestries, through genome-wide association studies and candidate gene studies. However, few populations of African descent have been studied to date. Here, the authors show evidence of an association of some loci with NSCL/P and nonsyndromic cleft palate only (NSCPO) in cohorts from Africa (Ghana, Ethiopia, and Nigeria). The authors genotyped 48 single-nucleotide polymorphisms that were selected from previous genome-wide association studies and candidate gene studies. These markers were successfully genotyped on 701 NSCL/P and 163 NSCPO cases, 1,070 unaffected relatives, and 1,078 unrelated controls. The authors also directly sequenced 7 genes in 184 nonsyndromic OFC (NSOFC) cases and 96 controls from Ghana. Population-specific associations were observed in the case-control analyses of the subpopulations, with West African subpopulations (Ghana and Nigeria) showing a similar pattern of associations. In meta-analyses of the case-control cohort, PAX7 (rs742071, P = 5.10 × 10(-3)), 8q24 (rs987525, P = 1.22 × 10(-3)), and VAX1 (rs7078160, P = 0.04) were nominally associated with NSCL/P, and MSX1 (rs115200552, P = 0.01), TULP4 (rs651333, P = 0.04), CRISPLD2 (rs4783099, P = 0.02), and NOG1 (rs17760296, P = 0.04) were nominally associated with NSCPO. Moreover, 7 loci exhibited evidence of threshold overtransmission in NSOFC cases through the transmission disequilibrium test and through analyses of the family-based association for disease traits. Through DNA sequencing, the authors also identified 2 novel, rare, potentially pathogenic variants (p.Asn323Asp and p.Lys426IlefsTer6) in ARHGAP29 In conclusion, the authors have shown evidence for the association of many loci with NSCL/P and NSCPO. To the best of this knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate any of these association signals in any African population.

The Impact of Abattoir Activities and Management in Residential Neighbourhoods: A Case Study of Ogbomoso, Nigeria

Abstract: Abattoir is one of the facilities available in most towns and cities, as the killing of animals to supply meat for human consumption in them is a common practice in Nigeria. The danger posed on the local built environment and health of residents by those abattoirs located in residential neighborhoods as a result of pollution from their management is of great concern. The study therefore investigates the direct and indirect effects of management of abattoirs on the quality of local built environment and the health of residents in their vicinity using Ogbomoso as a case study. Water samples from selected wells in the study area were collected for analysis to investigate the effect on the water quality. Also, residents of buildings located approximately 100meters radius to the abattoir were randomly selected for interview using relevant indicators to investigate effects on their health. The result was analyzed using frequency count, chi-square and correlation test. The study indicated pollution of wells and air quality of the local built environment in the vicinity of the abattoir as well as reduced quality of health of residents in the area, as there were reported cases of elevation of excessive coughing, typhoid fever, diarrhea, and malaria and muscle pains among these residents. The study concluded with appropriate recommendations to address the problem and as well suggested the exclusion of abattoir facility from residential neighbourhood.

Nanomedical Applications of Nanoparticles for Blood Coagulation Disorders

Abstract: Nanotechnology has evolved as a novel multidisciplinary concept of the twenty-first century, abridging gaps in materials science, engineering, life sciences and medicine, with tremendous applications in diverse areas of human endeavours. Nanoparticles, which form critical components of nanoscience and nanotechnology, have also played prominent roles in extending the frontiers of applications of the emerging discipline. The metallic nanoparticles, owing to their unique optical, surface, chemical, biological, catalytic, electronic, and resonance properties have formed an epicentre of research in recent times, with major focus on synthesis and novel applications. A new line of application that has emerged is in the delivery of quality healthcare, leading to the offshoot of a sub-discipline, nanomedicine. A major health problem confronting man is the blood coagulation disorder, which often leads to cardiovascular diseases, with the attendant high mortality worldwide. The use of conventional drugs in the treatment blood coagulation has been plagued with problems of high cost, short-lived action and adverse severe reactions. Hence, there is need to search for newer treatment regimes with improved outcomes, of which nanotechnology holds a promising future. In this review, we focus on the emerging applications of metallic nanoparticles in the management of blood coagulation disorders; notably in the prevention of clot formation, dissolution of blood clots, and in the combined role of therapeutic and diagnostic agents. The review presents a comprehensive overview on blood coagulation disorders, synthesis and applications of metallic nanoparticles, and the novel management of blood coagulation disorders using nanoplatform deliveries. Emphasis has been placed on the prospects of the use of metallic nanoparticles such as silver, gold and silver-gold alloy nanoparticles as anticoagulant, thrombolytic and theranostic agents, with evidences of excellent performances in the prevention of blood clot formation, dissolution of blood clots, and enhanced imaging of thrombus (blood clot) in vivo. The increasing appraisals of these nanoplatforms, potent action, improved biocompatibility cum absence of complications of excessive bleeding are good indicators of potential future integration in the clinical management of blood coagulation disorders. However, diligent studies are needed to be conducted to establish the long-term safety of applications of these nanomedical materials. The compendium seeks to bring to the fore, the continued relevance of nanotechnology in the twenty-first century, and its potential dynamic integration into medicare programmes.