Ladoke Akintola University of Technology

About: Ladoke Akintola University of Technology is a education organization based out in Ogbomoso, Nigeria. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Adsorption. The organization has 2786 authors who have published 3066 publications receiving 36850 citations. The organization is also known as: Oyo State University of Technology & LAUTECH.

Dyslipidaemia as a risk factor in the occurrence of stroke in Nigeria: prevalence and patterns.

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: stroke is a major public health problem worldwide. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia and smoking are some of the common modifiable risk factors in the occurrence of stroke. Therefore, this study was designed to assess the prevalence and patterns of dyslipidaemia among individuals with acute stroke. METHODS: this is a retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study, carried out in the Departments of Medicine at the LAUTECH Teaching hospital, Ogbomoso and General Hospital, Orile-Agege, Lagos, South-West, Nigeria, over a 18-month period between September 2012 and February 2014. One hundred and six (106) patients with acute stroke confirmed with computed tomography (CT) brain scan were recruited. Clinical features, risk factors, lipid profiles and stroke patterns were identified. RESLUTS: mean age was significantly higher in ischaemic stroke compared to haemorrhagic. Out of 106 patients, 65 (61.3%) had ischaemic stroke, 38 (35.8%) intracerebral haemorrhage and 3 (2.9%) with subarachnoid haemorrhage. Dyslipidaemia is the most frequent risk factor (85.9%), followed by hypertension (66.0%) and diabetes mellitus (15.1%). Dyslipidaemia was significantly higher in the ischaemic stroke compared to haemorrhagic. Reduced HDL-cholesterol is the most prevalent fraction of lipid abnormalities (74.5%). CONCLUSION: Dyslipidaemia, particularly low HDL-C, was the most frequent risk factor in our patients with stroke. Hence, prevention of dyslipidaemia as well as other risk factors is key to reducing the burden of stroke in our country.

Histological classification, grading, staging, and prognostic indexing of female breast cancer in an African population: A 10-year retrospective study.

Abstract: Background: Breast cancer (BC) is a heterogeneous disease characterized with diverse genetic and ethnic/racial variations that may influence tumor characteristics and prognosis. We studied different histological types of BC and their prognostic indicators in part of Southwestern Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A 10-year retrospective study of archival tissue-paraffin blocks and records of surgical cases (documented as BCs) between January 2005 and December 2014 was done. Tumor classification was made after the World Health Organization guidelines. Modified Bloom-Richardson score and TNM staging system were used in grading and staging the tumors. Nottingham prognostic index was employed in scoring the prognosis. Results: The mean age was 49.7 years (20–89 years). The age group from 50 to 59 years was most affected. Out of 343 total cases, the most common histological type was invasive ductal carcinoma of no special type (88.9%). The majority (51.9%) had tumor sizes ranging 2–5 cm (pT2) and some (39.1%) with >5 cm (pT3) were all at palpable stages. The tumors were mostly Grades II and III types. Observation for lymph node metastasis confirmed that 261 (76.1%) were pN0 (negative), 77 (22.4%) were pN1, and 5 (1.5%) were pN2. Prediction of a chance of survival showed moderate prognosis in the majority (48.7%) of the cases. Conclusion: Although early detection of BC in this region was considerably poor, there was a better outcome compared with some other black populations. Clinical presentation, histological type, and prognostic indices varied from existing reports in many ethnic/racial groups. Indexing of BC pattern on a regional standpoint may serve a new direction toward better management considering the associated geographic disparity.

Evaluation of antioxidant, antimutagenic, and lipid peroxidation inhibitory activities of selected fractions of Holarrhena floribunda (G. Don) leaves

Abstract: Exposure to environmental pollutants often leads to an upsurge in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS oxidize cellular fatty acids to produce lipid peroxyl radicals, subsequently transformed into lipid peroxides, which decrease membrane fluidity and increase the activity of various enzymes implicated in degenerative diseases and cancer formation. Edible plants that contain exogenous compounds like curcumeroid, β-carotene, turmeric, and so on, protect the aerobic cells from oxidation of free radicals. This study thus evaluates antioxidant and antimutagenic activities of ethyl acetate, aqueous and methanolic fractions of Holarrhena floribunda leaves. Inhibitory activities of the ethyl acetate fraction on Fe(2+)-induced lipid peroxidation in hen egg yolk; rat liver and brain tissues were also evaluated. The Allium cepa root assay was used to evaluate antimutagenic activity. Results showed that the ethyl acetate scavenged DPPH, OH•, and •O2(-) much stronger than other fractions, as evidenced by its lowest respective IC50 values. All the fractions displayed antimutagenic activities against cyclophosphamide-induced chromosomal aberrations. Likewise, all the fractions induced a reduction in mitotic index, a hallmark of cytotoxicity in the root meristem of Allium cepa. The decrease in mitotic index was most profound for the ethyl acetate fraction, which also demonstrated a significant lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity in the liver and brain homogenates, but not in egg yolk, compared with the ascorbic acid standard. In general, the results suggest that the ethyl acetate fraction might contain beneficial phytochemicals that should be explored as novel candidates for preclinical drug development.