Institution
Paul Scherrer Institute
Facility•Villigen, Switzerland•
About: Paul Scherrer Institute is a facility organization based out in Villigen, Switzerland. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Neutron & Large Hadron Collider. The organization has 9248 authors who have published 23984 publications receiving 890129 citations. The organization is also known as: PSI.
Topics: Neutron, Large Hadron Collider, Scattering, Catalysis, Aerosol
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
More filters
••
TL;DR: In this article, the structure of borohydrides MBH4 and their deuterides has been investigated by X-ray and neutron powder diffraction (M = K, Rb, Cs) and by infrared and Raman spectroscopy (M. = Na, K, rb, cb, N. Cs), and the properties of the overtones and combination bands, the Fermi resonance type interactions and the 10 Bt o 11 B splitting due to the presence of natural boron in the samples.
178 citations
••
TL;DR: Vanadium oxide nanotubes were prepared in a modified sol-gel reaction of vanadium oxide triisopropoxide conducted in the presence of the structurally directing hexadecylamine and followed by hydrothermal treatment as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Vanadium oxide nanotubes were prepared in a modified sol‐gel reaction of vanadium oxide triisopropoxide conducted in the presence of the structurally directing hexadecylamine and followed by hydrothermal treatment. The tubes consist of concentric shells of highly crystalline vanadium oxide separated by alternating organic amine layers. The template molecules were removed without structural breakdown of the nanotubes by a combined ion‐exchange reaction and extraction process. The vanadium oxide nanotubes are redox‐active and can electrochemically insert lithium reversibly. A specific charge up to (with respect to the oxide) was measured for insertion into porous electrodes containing template‐free nanotubes. The specific charge decreased during cycling, indicating a loss of electroactivity. © 1999 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
178 citations
••
TL;DR: In vivo alveolar macrophage depletion was performed by intratracheal application of dichloromethylene diphosphonate-liposomes to study the role of these effector cells in the early endotoxin-induced lung injury, suggesting that alveolars might possess robust anti-inflammatory effects.
Abstract: Alveolar macrophages play an important role during the development of acute inflammatory lung injury. In the present study, in vivo alveolar macrophage depletion was performed by intratracheal application of dichloromethylene diphosphonate-liposomes in order to study the role of these effector cells in the early endotoxin-induced lung injury. Lipopolysaccharide was applied intratracheally and the inflammatory reaction was assessed 4 hours later. Neutrophil accumulation and expression of inflammatory mediators were determined. To further analyze in vivo observations, in vitro experiments with alveolar epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages were performed. A 320% increase of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was observed in macrophage-depleted compared to macrophage-competent lipopolysaccharide-animals. This neutrophil recruitment was also confirmed in the interstitial space. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was significantly increased in the absence of alveolar macrophages. This phenomenon was underlined by in vitro experiments with alveolar epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages. Neutralizing monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in the airways diminished neutrophil accumulation. These data suggest that alveolar macorphages play an important role in early endotoxin-induced lung injury. They prevent neutrophil influx by controlling monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 production through alveolar epithelial cells. Alveolar macrophages might therefore possess robust anti-inflammatory effects.
178 citations
••
TL;DR: This work uses femtosecond X-ray pulses from a free-electron laser to study thin film samples with magnetic domain patterns and observes an infrared-pump-induced change of the spin structure within the domain walls on the sub-picosecond timescale, demonstrating the importance of spin-dependent electron transport between differently magnetized regions as an ultrafast demagnetization channel.
Abstract: During ultrafast demagnetization of a magnetically ordered solid, angular momentum has to be transferred between the spins, electrons, and phonons in the system on femto-and picosecond timescales. Although the intrinsic spin-transfer mechanisms are intensely debated, additional extrinsic mechanisms arising due to nanoscale heterogeneity have only recently entered the discussion. Here we use femtosecond X-ray pulses from a free-electron laser to study thin film samples with magnetic domain patterns. We observe an infrared-pump-induced change of the spin structure within the domain walls on the sub-picosecond timescale. This domain-topography-dependent contribution connects the intrinsic demagnetization process in each domain with spin-transport processes across the domain walls, demonstrating the importance of spin-dependent electron transport between differently magnetized regions as an ultrafast demagnetization channel. This pathway exists independent from structural inhomogeneities such as chemical interfaces, and gives rise to an ultrafast spatially varying response to optical pump pulses.
178 citations
••
TL;DR: This review is focused on free-electron lasers (FELs) in the hard to soft x-ray regime and provides newcomers to the area with insights into: the basic physics of FELs, the qualities of the radiation they produce, the challenges of transmitting that radiation to end users and the diversity of current scientific applications.
Abstract: This review is focused on free-electron lasers (FELs) in the hard to soft x-ray regime. The aim is to provide newcomers to the area with insights into: the basic physics of FELs, the qualities of the radiation they produce, the challenges of transmitting that radiation to end users and the diversity of current scientific applications. Initial consideration is given to FEL theory in order to provide the foundation for discussion of FEL output properties and the technical challenges of short-wavelength FELs. This is followed by an overview of existing x-ray FEL facilities, future facilities and FEL frontiers. To provide a context for information in the above sections, a detailed comparison of the photon pulse characteristics of FEL sources with those of other sources of high brightness x-rays is made. A brief summary of FEL beamline design and photon diagnostics then precedes an overview of FEL scientific applications. Recent highlights are covered in sections on structural biology, atomic and molecular physics, photochemistry, non-linear spectroscopy, shock physics, solid density plasmas. A short industrial perspective is also included to emphasise potential in this area.
178 citations
Authors
Showing all 9348 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Andrea Bocci | 172 | 2402 | 176461 |
Tobin J. Marks | 159 | 1621 | 111604 |
Wolfgang Wagner | 156 | 2342 | 123391 |
David D'Enterria | 150 | 1592 | 116210 |
Andreas Pfeiffer | 149 | 1756 | 131080 |
Christoph Grab | 144 | 1359 | 144174 |
Maurizio Pierini | 143 | 1782 | 104406 |
Alexander Belyaev | 142 | 1895 | 100796 |
Ajit Kumar Mohanty | 141 | 1124 | 93062 |
Felicitas Pauss | 141 | 1623 | 104493 |
Chiara Mariotti | 141 | 1426 | 98157 |
Luc Pape | 141 | 1441 | 130253 |
Rainer Wallny | 141 | 1661 | 105387 |
Roland Horisberger | 139 | 1471 | 100458 |
Emmanuelle Perez | 138 | 1550 | 99016 |