Institution
Purdue University
Education•West Lafayette, Indiana, United States•
About: Purdue University is a education organization based out in West Lafayette, Indiana, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 73219 authors who have published 163563 publications receiving 5775236 citations. The organization is also known as: Purdue & Purdue-West Lafayette.
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TL;DR: A genetics-based phytoremediation strategy for arsenic in which the oxyanion arsenate is transported aboveground, reduced to arsenite, and sequestered in thiol–peptide complexes is developed, applicable to a wide variety of plant species.
Abstract: We have developed a genetics-based phytoremediation strategy for arsenic in which the oxyanion arsenate is transported aboveground, reduced to arsenite, and sequestered in thiol-peptide complexes. The Escherichia coli arsC gene encodes arsenate reductase (ArsC), which catalyzes the glutathione (GSH)-coupled electrochemical reduction of arsenate to the more toxic arsenite. Arabidopsis thaliana plants transformed with the arsC gene expressed from a light-induced soybean rubisco promoter (SRS1p) strongly express ArsC protein in leaves, but not roots, and were consequently hypersensitive to arsenate. Arabidopsis plants expressing the E. coli gene encoding gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-ECS) from a strong constitutive actin promoter (ACT2p) were moderately tolerant to arsenic compared with wild type. However, plants expressing SRS1p/ArsC and ACT2p/gamma-ECS together showed substantially greater arsenic tolerance than gamma-ECS or wild-type plants. When grown on arsenic, these plants accumulated 4- to 17-fold greater fresh shoot weight and accumulated 2- to 3-fold more arsenic per gram of tissue than wild type or plants expressing gamma-ECS or ArsC alone. This arsenic remediation strategy should be applicable to a wide variety of plant species.
540 citations
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Purdue University1, Wageningen University and Research Centre2, Murdoch University3, Joint Genome Institute4, Rothamsted Research5, University of Bristol6, University of Arkansas7, Syngenta8, Cornell University9, Centre national de la recherche scientifique10, Agricultural Research Service11, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária12, Bayer13, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne14, Curtin University15
TL;DR: The genome of M. graminicola was sequenced completely and found that it contained very few genes for enzymes that break down plant cell walls, which was more similar to endophytes than to pathogens, which may have evolved from endophytic ancestors.
Abstract: The plant-pathogenic fungus Mycosphaerella graminicola (asexual stage: Septoria tritici) causes septoria tritici blotch, a disease that greatly reduces the yield and quality of wheat. This disease is economically important in most wheat-growing areas worldwide and threatens global food production. Control of the disease has been hampered by a limited understanding of the genetic and biochemical bases of pathogenicity, including mechanisms of infection and of resistance in the host. Unlike most other plant pathogens, M. graminicola has a long latent period during which it evades host defenses. Although this type of stealth pathogenicity occurs commonly in Mycosphaerella and other Dothideomycetes, the largest class of plant-pathogenic fungi, its genetic basis is not known. To address this problem, the genome of M. graminicola was sequenced completely. The finished genome contains 21 chromosomes, eight of which could be lost with no visible effect on the fungus and thus are dispensable. This eight-chromosome dispensome is dynamic in field and progeny isolates, is different from the core genome in gene and repeat content, and appears to have originated by ancient horizontal transfer from an unknown donor. Synteny plots of the M. graminicola chromosomes versus those of the only other sequenced Dothideomycete, Stagonospora nodorum, revealed conservation of gene content but not order or orientation, suggesting a high rate of intra-chromosomal rearrangement in one or both species. This observed “mesosynteny” is very different from synteny seen between other organisms. A surprising feature of the M. graminicola genome compared to other sequenced plant pathogens was that it contained very few genes for enzymes that break down plant cell walls, which was more similar to endophytes than to pathogens. The stealth pathogenesis of M. graminicola probably involves degradation of proteins rather than carbohydrates to evade host defenses during the biotrophic stage of infection and may have evolved from endophytic ancestors.
540 citations
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TL;DR: The demonstration of several key steps toward this therapeutic strategy: phagocytosis of Au nanoshells, and photoinduced cell death of monocytes/macrophages as isolates and within tumor spheroids are reported.
Abstract: Destruction of hypoxic regions within tumors, virtually inaccessible to cancer therapies, may well prevent malignant progression. The tumor's recruitment of monocytes into these regions may be exploited for nanoparticle-based delivery. Monocytes containing therapeutic nanoparticles could serve as "Trojan Horses" for nanoparticle transport into these tumor regions. Here we report the demonstration of several key steps toward this therapeutic strategy: phagocytosis of Au nanoshells, and photoinduced cell death of monocytes/macrophages as isolates and within tumor spheroids.
539 citations
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TL;DR: The barriers in the current performance potential of biomedical devices can be lowered or removed by the rapid convergence of interdisciplinary technologies, involving supramolecular chemistry.
539 citations
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TL;DR: When applied to the L and M subunits of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides, five helices were predicted, which is consistent with the three-dimensional X-ray crystal structure.
539 citations
Authors
Showing all 73693 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
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Yi Cui | 220 | 1015 | 199725 |
Yi Chen | 217 | 4342 | 293080 |
David Miller | 203 | 2573 | 204840 |
Hongjie Dai | 197 | 570 | 182579 |
Chris Sander | 178 | 713 | 233287 |
Richard A. Gibbs | 172 | 889 | 249708 |
Richard H. Friend | 169 | 1182 | 140032 |
Charles M. Lieber | 165 | 521 | 132811 |
Jian-Kang Zhu | 161 | 550 | 105551 |
David W. Johnson | 160 | 2714 | 140778 |
Robert Stone | 160 | 1756 | 167901 |
Tobin J. Marks | 159 | 1621 | 111604 |
Joseph Wang | 158 | 1282 | 98799 |
Ed Diener | 153 | 401 | 186491 |
Wei Zheng | 151 | 1929 | 120209 |