Showing papers by "University of Nice Sophia Antipolis published in 2018"
University of Lyon1, University of Burgundy2, Université de Sherbrooke3, The Chinese University of Hong Kong4, Pompeu Fabra University5, Stanford University6, Queen Mary University of London7, University of Crete8, Indian Institute of Technology Madras9, French Institute for Research in Computer Science and Automation10, German Cancer Research Center11, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences12, ETH Zurich13, Utrecht University14, Yonsei University15, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis16
TL;DR: How far state-of-the-art deep learning methods can go at assessing CMRI, i.e., segmenting the myocardium and the two ventricles as well as classifying pathologies is measured, to open the door to highly accurate and fully automatic analysis of cardiac CMRI.
Abstract: Delineation of the left ventricular cavity, myocardium, and right ventricle from cardiac magnetic resonance images (multi-slice 2-D cine MRI) is a common clinical task to establish diagnosis. The automation of the corresponding tasks has thus been the subject of intense research over the past decades. In this paper, we introduce the “Automatic Cardiac Diagnosis Challenge” dataset (ACDC), the largest publicly available and fully annotated dataset for the purpose of cardiac MRI (CMR) assessment. The dataset contains data from 150 multi-equipments CMRI recordings with reference measurements and classification from two medical experts. The overarching objective of this paper is to measure how far state-of-the-art deep learning methods can go at assessing CMRI, i.e., segmenting the myocardium and the two ventricles as well as classifying pathologies. In the wake of the 2017 MICCAI-ACDC challenge, we report results from deep learning methods provided by nine research groups for the segmentation task and four groups for the classification task. Results show that the best methods faithfully reproduce the expert analysis, leading to a mean value of 0.97 correlation score for the automatic extraction of clinical indices and an accuracy of 0.96 for automatic diagnosis. These results clearly open the door to highly accurate and fully automatic analysis of cardiac CMRI. We also identify scenarios for which deep learning methods are still failing. Both the dataset and detailed results are publicly available online, while the platform will remain open for new submissions.
1,056 citations
TL;DR: In adults, MOG-Ab-associated disease extends beyond clinical and radiologic abnormalities in the optic nerve and spinal cord and despite the relapsing course, the overall visual and motor outcome is better compared with AQP4- Ab-positive patients.
Abstract: Objective To describe clinical and radiologic features associated with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies (MOG-Ab) in a large French nationwide adult cohort, to assess baseline prognostic features of MOG-Ab-associated diseases after a first acute demyelinating syndrome, and to evaluate the clinical value of MOG-Ab longitudinal analysis. Methods Clinical data were obtained from 197 MOG-Ab-positive patients ≥18 years of age. Complete imaging data were available in 108, and 54 serum samples were eligible for longitudinal evaluation. For survival analysis comparison, 169 aquaporin-4 antibody (AQP4-Ab)-positive patients from the NOMADMUS database were included. Results Median age at onset was 36.46 (range 18.0–76.8) years, and patients were predominantly white (92.9%) with male:female ratio, 1.1. Clinical phenotype at onset included optic neuritis or myelitis in 90.86%, isolated brainstem or encephalopathy syndromes in 6.6%, and a combination of syndromes in 2.5%. Distinctive brain MRI findings in MOG-Ab-positive patients were thalamic and pontine lesions. Cortical and leptomeningeal lesions were found in 16.3% and 6.1%, respectively. The probability of reaching a first relapse after 2 and 5 years was 44.8% and 61.8%, respectively. MOG-Ab-positive patients were at lower risk at presentation of further clinical relapse (hazard ratio [HR] 0.45, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.26–0.79) compared to AQP4-Ab-positive individuals. MOG-Ab-positive individuals had a lower risk of reaching Disability Status Scale score of 3.0 (HR 0.46, 95% CI 0.22–0.94) and visual acuity of 20/100 (HR 0.23, 95% CI 0.07–0.72). Finally, MOG-Ab titers were higher at relapse than in remission (p = 0.009). Conclusion In adults, MOG-Ab-associated disease extends beyond clinical and radiologic abnormalities in the optic nerve and spinal cord. Despite the relapsing course, the overall visual and motor outcome is better compared with AQP4-Ab-positive patients.
349 citations
TL;DR: The authors identify five latent risks associated with discourse that frames transformation as apolitical and/or inevitable and refer to these risks as the dark side of transformation, and suggest that scientists, policymakers, and practitioners need to consider such change in more inherently plural and political ways.
Abstract: The notion of transformation is gaining traction in contemporary sustainability debates. New ways of theorising and supporting transformations are emerging and, so the argument goes, opening exciting spaces to (re)imagine and (re)structure radically different futures. Yet, questions remain about how the term is being translated from an academic concept into an assemblage of normative policies and practices, and how this process might shape social, political, and environmental change. Motivated by these questions, we identify five latent risks associated with discourse that frames transformation as apolitical and/or inevitable. We refer to these risks as the dark side of transformation. While we cannot predict the future of radical transformations towards sustainability, we suggest that scientists, policymakers, and practitioners need to consider such change in more inherently plural and political ways.
310 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a 3% spin-polarized photoluminescence was obtained in reduced-dimensional chiral perovskites through combined strategies of chirality transfer and energy funnelling.
Abstract: Hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites exhibit strong spin–orbit coupling1, spin-dependent optical selection rules2,3 and large Rashba splitting4–8. These characteristics make them promising candidates for spintronic devices9 with photonic interfaces. Here we report that spin polarization in perovskites can be controlled through chemical design as well as by a magnetic field. We obtain both spin-polarized photon absorption and spin-polarized photoluminescence in reduced-dimensional chiral perovskites through combined strategies of chirality transfer and energy funnelling. A 3% spin-polarized photoluminescence is observed even in the absence of an applied external magnetic field owing to the different emission rates of σ+ and σ− polarized photoluminescence. Three-dimensional perovskites achieve a comparable degree of photoluminescence polarization only under an external magnetic field of 5 T. Our findings pave the way for chiral perovskites as powerful spintronic materials.
281 citations
University of Basel1, University of Southampton2, Uppsala University3, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham4, Sapienza University of Rome5, Charité6, University of Lisbon7, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis8, University of Bern9, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust10, University of Hohenheim11
TL;DR: Despite the methodological difficulties in creating non-disease specific guidelines, the evidence behind several important aspects of nutritional support for polymorbid medical inpatients was reviewed and summarized into practical clinical recommendations.
237 citations
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that highly glycolytic tumors acidify their microenvironment and use this to initiate a mechanism of localized immunosuppression and identify a molecular mechanism of metabolic communication between non-lymphoid tissue and the immune system that was exploited by high-glycolysis-rate tumors for evasion of the immuneSystem.
Abstract: Many tumors evolve sophisticated strategies to evade the immune system, and these represent major obstacles for efficient antitumor immune responses. Here we explored a molecular mechanism of metabolic communication deployed by highly glycolytic tumors for immunoevasion. In contrast to colon adenocarcinomas, melanomas showed comparatively high glycolytic activity, which resulted in high acidification of the tumor microenvironment. This tumor acidosis induced Gprotein-coupled receptor-dependent expression of the transcriptional repressor ICER in tumor-associated macrophages that led to their functional polarization toward a non-inflammatory phenotype and promoted tumor growth. Collectively, our findings identify a molecular mechanism of metabolic communication between non-lymphoid tissue and the immune system that was exploited by high-glycolytic-rate tumors for evasion of the immune system.
229 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the dependence of the pebble isolation mass on all relevant parameters of the protoplanetary disc was explored and a simple scaling law that captured the dependence on the local disc structure and the turbulent viscosity parameter α was derived.
Abstract: The growth of a planetary core by pebble accretion stops at the so-called pebble isolation mass, when the core generates a pressure bump that traps drifting pebbles outside its orbit. The value of the pebble isolation mass is crucial in determining the final planet mass. If the isolation mass is very low, gas accretion is protracted and the planet remains at a few Earth masses with a mainly solid composition. For higher values of the pebble isolation mass, the planet might be able to accrete gas from the protoplanetary disc and grow into a gas giant. Previous works have determined a scaling of the pebble isolation mass with cube of the disc aspect ratio. Here, we expand on previous measurements and explore the dependency of the pebble isolation mass on all relevant parameters of the protoplanetary disc. We use 3D hydrodynamical simulations to measure the pebble isolation mass and derive a simple scaling law that captures the dependence on the local disc structure and the turbulent viscosity parameter α. We find that small pebbles, coupled to the gas, with Stokes number τ f
< 0.005 can drift through the partial gap at pebble isolation mass. However, as the planetary mass increases, particles must be decreasingly smaller to penetrate the pressure bump. Turbulent diffusion of particles, however, can lead to an increase of the pebble isolation mass by a factor of two, depending on the strength of the background viscosity and on the pebble size. We finally explore the implications of the new scaling law of the pebble isolation mass on the formation of planetary systems by numerically integrating the growth and migration pathways of planets in evolving protoplanetary discs. Compared to models neglecting the dependence of the pebble isolation mass on the α-viscosity, our models including this effect result in higher core masses for giant planets. These higher core masses are more similar to the core masses of the giant planets in the solar system.
228 citations
TL;DR: The conclusions highlight that gut microbiota composition differs according to diet and eating habits which are closely correlated to geographical location suggesting therefore, the need for more in-depth research, looking at ethnic diversity andeating habits.
162 citations
INAF1, University of Milan2, Aix-Marseille University3, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis4, University of Geneva5, University of Bologna6, Jan Kochanowski University7, University of Toulouse8, Jagiellonian University9, Roma Tre University10, Pierre-and-Marie-Curie University11, University of Saint Mary12, University of Edinburgh13, Institut Universitaire de France14
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the full public data release (PDR-2) of the VIMOS Public Extragalactic Redshift Survey (VIPERS), performed at the ESO VLT.
Abstract: We present the full public data release (PDR-2) of the VIMOS Public Extragalactic Redshift Survey (VIPERS), performed at the ESO VLT. We release redshifts, spectra, CFHTLS magnitudes and ancillary information (as masks and weights) for a complete sample of 86 775 galaxies (plus 4732 other objects, including stars and serendipitous galaxies); we also include their full photometrically-selected parent catalogue. The sample is magnitude limited to i AB ≤ 22.5, with an additional colour-colour pre-selection devised as to exclude galaxies at z h 3 Mpc-3 . The total area spanned by the final data set is ≃ 23.5 deg2 , corresponding to 288 VIMOS fields with marginal overlaps, split over two regions within the CFHTLS-Wide W1 and W4 equatorial fields (at RA ≃ 2 and ≃ 22 h, respectively). Spectra were observed at a resolution R = 220, covering a wavelength range 5500−9500 A. Data reduction and redshift measurements were performed through a fully automated pipeline; all redshift determinations were then visually validated and assigned a quality flag. Measurements with a quality flag ≥ 2 are shown to have a confidence level of 96% or larger and make up 88% of all measured galaxy redshifts (76 552 out of 86 775), constituting the VIPERS prime catalogue for statistical investigations. For this sample the rms redshift error, estimated using repeated measurements of about 3000 galaxies, is found to be σ z = 0.00054(1 + z ). All data are available at http://vipers.inaf.it and on the ESO Archive.
150 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that despite growing concerns about exclusionary decision-making processes and social injustices, there remains inadequate attention to issues of social justice and inclusion in ocean science, management, governance and funding.
141 citations
University of Paris1, University College London2, Royal Observatory of Belgium3, University of Montpellier4, University of Liège5, University of Antwerp6, University of Geneva7, Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam8, University of Bordeaux9, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis10, University of La Laguna11, Spanish National Research Council12, University of Grenoble13, Max Planck Society14, University of Antofagasta15, Atos16, University of Edinburgh17, University of Ljubljana18, INAF19, Australian National University20
TL;DR: In this paper, a detailed description of the Gaia spectroscopic data processing pipeline, and of the approach adopted to derive the radial velocities presented in DR2, is provided.
Abstract: Context. The Gaia Data Release 2 (DR2) contains the first release of radial velocities complementing the kinematic data of a sample of about 7 million relatively bright, late-type stars.Aims. This paper provides a detailed description of the Gaia spectroscopic data processing pipeline, and of the approach adopted to derive the radial velocities presented in DR2.Methods. The pipeline must perform four main tasks: (i) clean and reduce the spectra observed with the Radial Velocity Spectrometer (RVS); (ii) calibrate the RVS instrument, including wavelength, straylight, line-spread function, bias non-uniformity, and photometric zeropoint; (iii) extract the radial velocities; and (iv) verify the accuracy and precision of the results. The radial velocity of a star is obtained through a fit of the RVS spectrum relative to an appropriate synthetic template spectrum. An additional task of the spectroscopic pipeline was to provide first-order estimates of the stellar atmospheric parameters required to select such template spectra. We describe the pipeline features and present the detailed calibration algorithms and software solutions we used to produce the radial velocities published in DR2.Results. The spectroscopic processing pipeline produced median radial velocities for Gaia stars with narrow-band near-IR magnitude G RVS ≤ 12 (i.e. brighter than V ~ 13). Stars identified as double-lined spectroscopic binaries were removed from the pipeline, while variable stars, single-lined, and non-detected double-lined spectroscopic binaries were treated as single stars. The scatter in radial velocity among different observations of a same star, also published in Gaia DR2, provides information about radial velocity variability. For the hottest (T eff ≥ 7000 K) and coolest (T eff ≤ 3500 K) stars, the accuracy and precision of the stellar parameter estimates are not sufficient to allow selection of appropriate templates. The radial velocities obtained for these stars were removed from DR2. The pipeline also provides a first-order estimate of the performance obtained. The overall accuracy of radial velocity measurements is around ~200–300 m s−1 , and the overall precision is ~1 km s−1 ; it reaches ~200 m s−1 for the brightest stars.
University College London1, University of Paris2, European Space Research and Technology Centre3, Airbus Defence and Space4, INAF5, University of Ljubljana6, University of Leicester7, Spanish National Research Council8, Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam9, Royal Observatory of Belgium10, Max Planck Society11, University of Bordeaux12, University of Montpellier13, University of Geneva14, Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales15, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis16, University of Antwerp17, University of Liège18
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the specification, design, and development of the Radial Velocity Spectrometer (RVS) on the European Space Agency's Gaia mission, considering the optical design, the focal plane, the detection and acquisition chain, and the as-built performance drivers and critical technical areas.
Abstract: This paper presents the specification, design, and development of the Radial Velocity Spectrometer (RVS) on the European Space Agency’s Gaia mission. Starting with the rationale for the full six dimensions of phase space in the dynamical modelling of the Galaxy, the scientific goals and derived top-level instrument requirements are discussed, leading to a brief description of the initial concepts for the instrument. The main part of the paper is a description of the flight RVS, considering the optical design, the focal plane, the detection and acquisition chain, and the as-built performance drivers and critical technical areas. After presenting the pre-launch performance predictions, the paper concludes with the post-launch developments and mitigation strategies, together with a summary of the in-flight performance at the end of commissioning.
TL;DR: This report reports on a new test of the gravitational redshift and thus of local position invariance, an integral part of the Einstein equivalence principle, which is the foundation of general relativity and all metric theories of gravitation.
Abstract: We report on a new test of the gravitational redshift and thus of local position invariance, an integral part of the Einstein equivalence principle, which is the foundation of general relativity and all metric theories of gravitation. We use data spanning 1008 days from two satellites of Galileo, Europe's global satellite navigation system, which were launched in 2014, but accidentally delivered on elliptic rather than circular orbits. The resulting modulation of the gravitational redshift of the onboard atomic clocks allows the redshift determination with high accuracy. Additionally, specific laser ranging campaigns to the two satellites have enabled a good estimation of systematic effects related to orbit uncertainties. Together with a careful conservative modeling and control of other systematic effects we measure the fractional deviation of the gravitational redshift from the prediction by general relativity to be (0.19±2.48)×10^{-5} at 1 sigma, improving the best previous test by a factor 5.6. To our knowledge, this represents the first reported improvement on one of the longest standing results in experimental gravitation, the Gravity Probe A hydrogen maser rocket experiment back in 1976.
TL;DR: In patients who are unconscious 7 days after cardiac arrest, the normalised WWM-FA value, measured by diffusion tensor imaging, could be used to accurately predict neurological outcome at 6 months, and evidence requires confirmation from future large-scale trials with a strict protocol of withdrawal or limitation-of-care decisions and time window for MRI.
Abstract: Summary Background Prediction of neurological outcome after cardiac arrest is a major challenge. The aim of this study was to assess whether quantitative whole-brain white matter fractional anisotropy (WWM-FA) measured by diffusion tensor imaging between day 7 and day 28 after cardiac arrest can predict long-term neurological outcome. Methods This prospective, observational, cohort study (part of the MRI-COMA study) was done in 14 centres in France, Italy, and Belgium. We enrolled patients aged 18 years or older who had been unconscious for at least 7 days after cardiac arrest into the derivation cohort. The following year, we recruited the validation cohort on the same basis. We also recruited a minimum of five healthy volunteers at each centre for the normalisation procedure. WWM-FA values were compared with standard criteria for unfavourable outcome, conventional MRI sequences (fluid-attenuated inversion recovery and diffusion-weighted imaging), and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The primary outcome was the best achieved Glasgow-Pittsburgh Cerebral Performance Categories (CPC) at 6 months, dichotomised as favourable (CPC 1–2) and unfavourable outcome (CPC 3–5). Prognostication performance was assessed by the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and compared between groups. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00577954. Findings Between Oct 1, 2006, and June 30, 2014, 185 patients were enrolled in the derivation cohort, of whom 150 had an interpretable multimodal MRI and were included in the analysis. 33 (22%) patients had a favourable neurological outcome at 6 months. Prognostic accuracy, as quantified by the area under the ROC curve, was significantly higher with the normalised WWM-FA value (area under the ROC curve 0·95, 95% CI 0·91–0·98) than with the standard criteria for unfavourable outcome or other MRI sequences. In a subsequent validation cohort of 50 patients (enrolled between April 1, 2015, and March 31, 2016), a normalised WWM-FA value lower than 0·91, set from the derivation cohort, had a negative predictive value of 71·4% (95% CI 41·9–91·6) and a positive predictive value of 100% (90·0–100), with 89·7% sensitivity (75·8–97·1) and 100% specificity (69·1–100) for the prediction of unfavourable outcome. Interpretation In patients who are unconscious 7 days after cardiac arrest, the normalised WWM-FA value, measured by diffusion tensor imaging, could be used to accurately predict neurological outcome at 6 months. This evidence requires confirmation from future large-scale trials with a strict protocol of withdrawal or limitation-of-care decisions and time window for MRI. Funding French Ministry of Health, French National Agency for Research, Italian Ministry of Health, and Regione Lombardia.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors obtained a universal bound on current fluctuations for periodically driven systems, such as heat engines driven by periodic variation of the temperature and artificial molecular pumps driven by an external protocol.
Abstract: Small nonequilibrium systems in contact with a heat bath can be analyzed with the framework of stochastic thermodynamics. In such systems, fluctuations, which are not negligible, follow universal relations such as the fluctuation theorem. More recently, it has been found that, for nonequilibrium stationary states, the full spectrum of fluctuations of any thermodynamic current is bounded by the average rate of entropy production and the average current. However, this bound does not apply to periodically driven systems, such as heat engines driven by periodic variation of the temperature and artificial molecular pumps driven by an external protocol. We obtain a universal bound on current fluctuations for periodically driven systems. This bound is a generalization of the known bound for stationary states. In general, the average rate that bounds fluctuations in periodically driven systems is different from the rate of entropy production. We also obtain a local bound on fluctuations that leads to a trade-off relation between speed and precision in periodically driven systems, which constitutes a generalization to periodically driven systems of the so called thermodynamic uncertainty relation. From a technical perspective, our results are obtained with the use of a recently developed theory for 2.5 large deviations for Markov jump processes with time-periodic transition rates.
TL;DR: ASCT2KO reduces tumor growth by limiting AA import, but that this effect is independent of LAT1 activity, which indicates that the proposed functional coupling model of ASCT2 and LAT1 is not universal across different cancer types.
Yahoo!1, University of Bologna2, University of Pennsylvania3, Humanitas University4, Oslo University Hospital5, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven6, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital7, University of Amsterdam8, Churchill Hospital9, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center10, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia11, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis12, Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust13, Erasmus University Rotterdam14, Cleveland Clinic15, Queen's University Belfast16, Manchester Royal Infirmary17, Netherlands Cancer Institute18, Maastricht University19, American College of Surgeons20, Sahlgrenska University Hospital21
TL;DR: Careful patient selection and improved surgical and perioperative techniques are responsible for a substantial improvement in rectal cancer outcomes, and properly selected patients should be considered for surgical resection.
Abstract: With an expanding elderly population and median rectal cancer detection age of 70 years, the prevalence of rectal cancer in elderly patients is increasing. Management is based on evidence from younger patients, resulting in substandard treatments and poor outcomes. Modern management of rectal cancer in the elderly demands patient-centered treatment, assessing frailty rather than chronological age. The heterogeneity of this group, combined with the limited available data, impedes drafting evidence-based guidelines. Therefore, a multidisciplinary task force convened experts from the European Society of Surgical Oncology, European Society of Coloproctology, International Society of Geriatric Oncology and the American College Surgeons Commission on Cancer, with the goal of identifying the best practice to promote personalized rectal cancer care in older patients. A crucial element for personalized care was recognized as the routine screening for frailty and geriatrician involvement and personalized care for frail patients. Careful patient selection and improved surgical and perioperative techniques are responsible for a substantial improvement in rectal cancer outcomes. Therefore, properly selected patients should be considered for surgical resection. Local excision can be utilized when balancing oncologic outcomes, frailty and life expectancy. Watch and wait protocols, in expert hands, are valuable for selected patients and adjuncts can be added to improve complete response rates. Functional recovery and patient-reported outcomes are as important as oncologic-specific outcomes in this age group. The above recommendations and others were made based on the best-available evidence to guide the personalized treatment of elderly patients with rectal cancer.
TL;DR: It is shown that the dark excitons in two-dimensional heterostructures provide a microsecond valley polarization memory thanks to the magnetic field induced suppression of valley mixing.
Abstract: Transition metal dichalcogenides have valley degree of freedom, which features optical selection rule and spin-valley locking, making them promising for valleytronics devices and quantum computation. For either application, a long valley polarization lifetime is crucial. Previous results showed that it is around picosecond in monolayer excitons, nanosecond for local excitons and tens of nanosecond for interlayer excitons. Here we show that the dark excitons in two-dimensional heterostructures provide a microsecond valley polarization memory thanks to the magnetic field induced suppression of valley mixing. The lifetime of the dark excitons shows magnetic field and temperature dependence. The long lifetime and valley polarization lifetime of the dark exciton in two-dimensional heterostructures make them promising for long-distance exciton transport and macroscopic quantum state generations. Owing to their valley degree of freedom, atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides show promise for valleytronics. Here, the authors leverage the dark excitons of two-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures to demonstrate a microsecond valley polarization memory effect.
Aix-Marseille University1, University of Bristol2, DSM3, University of Bonn4, Universidad de Guanajuato5, University of Geneva6, INAF7, Durham University8, University of Padua9, Australian Astronomical Observatory10, Istanbul University11, European Space Agency12, Liverpool John Moores University13, Monash University14, University of Bologna15, University of St Andrews16, University of Nottingham17, University of Michigan18, Max Planck Society19, Chalmers University of Technology20, University of Hamburg21, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis22, Macquarie University23, University of Toulouse24, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki25, Jagiellonian University26, European Southern Observatory27, University of Birmingham28, University of Colorado Boulder29, Ames Research Center30, University of Oxford31, University of Victoria32
TL;DR: In this paper, the properties of the XXL cluster catalogue are described in detail, as well as associated catalogues of more specific objects such as super-clusters and fossil groups, and the complete subset of clusters for which the selection function is well determined plus all X-ray clusters which are, to date, confirmed.
Abstract: Context. In the currently debated context of using clusters of galaxies as cosmological probes, the need for well-defined cluster samples is critical.Aims. The XXL Survey has been specifically designed to provide a well characterised sample of some 500 X-ray detected clusters suitable for cosmological studies. The main goal of present article is to make public and describe the properties of the cluster catalogue in its present state, as well as of associated catalogues of more specific objects such as super-clusters and fossil groups.Methods. Following from the publication of the hundred brightest XXL clusters, we now release a sample containing 365 clusters in total, down to a flux of a few 10−15 erg s−1 cm−2 in the [0.5–2] keV band and in a 1′ aperture. This release contains the complete subset of clusters for which the selection function is well determined plus all X-ray clusters which are, to date, spectroscopically confirmed. In this paper, we give the details of the follow-up observations and explain the procedure adopted to validate the cluster spectroscopic redshifts. Considering the whole XXL cluster sample, we have provided two types of selection, both complete in a particular sense: one based on flux-morphology criteria, and an alternative based on the [0.5–2] keV flux within 1 arcmin of the cluster centre. We have also provided X-ray temperature measurements for 80% of the clusters having a flux larger than 9 × 10−15 erg s−1 cm−2 .Results. Our cluster sample extends from z ~ 0 to z ~ 1.2, with one cluster at z ~ 2. Clusters were identified through a mean number of six spectroscopically confirmed cluster members. The largest number of confirmed spectroscopic members in a cluster is 41. Our updated luminosity function and luminosity–temperature relation are compatible with our previous determinations based on the 100 brightest clusters, but show smaller uncertainties. We also present an enlarged list of super-clusters and a sample of 18 possible fossil groups.Conclusions. This intermediate publication is the last before the final release of the complete XXL cluster catalogue when the ongoing C2 cluster spectroscopic follow-up is complete. It provides a unique inventory of medium-mass clusters over a 50 deg2 area out to z ~ 1.
TL;DR: GP2017 is a proposed adalimumab biosimilar that aims to create a new class of medicines called "biosimilars" that can be used in combination with existing drugs to treat inflammatory diseases.
Abstract: Background Adalimumab is used to treat several inflammatory diseases, including plaque psoriasis. GP2017 is a proposed adalimumab biosimilar. Objectives To assess the impact of multiple switches between GP2017 and reference adalimumab (ref-ADMB) following the demonstration of equivalent efficacy and similar safety and immunogenicity, in adult patients with active, clinically stable, moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. Methods This 51-week double-blinded, phase III study randomly assigned patients to GP2017 (n = 231) or ref-ADMB (n = 234) 80 mg subcutaneously at week 0, then 40 mg biweekly from week 1. At week 17, patients were rerandomized to switch (n = 126) or continue (n = 253) treatment. The primary end point was patients achieving ≥ 75% improvement in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI 75) at week 16, with equivalence confirmed if the 95% confidence interval (CI) for the difference in PASI 75 between treatments was ± 18%. The key secondary end point was the change from baseline to week 16 in continuous PASI. Other end points were PASI over time; PASI 50, 75, 90 and100; pharmacokinetics; safety; tolerability and immunogenicity for the switched and continued treatment groups. Results Equivalent efficacy between GP2017 and ref-ADMB was confirmed for the primary (66·8% and 65·0%, respectively; 95% CI -7·46 to 11·15) and key secondary end points (-60·7% and -61·5%, respectively; 95% CI -3·15 to 4·84). PASI improved over time and was similar between treatment groups at week 16, and the switched and continued groups from weeks 17 to 51. There were no relevant safety or immunogenicity differences between GP2017 and ref-ADMB at week 16, or the switched and continued groups from weeks 17 to 51. No hypersensitivity to adalimumab was reported upon switching. Conclusions Following the demonstration of GP2017 biosimilarity to ref-ADMB, switching up to four times between GP2017 and ref-ADMB had no detectable impact on efficacy, safety or immunogenicity.
TL;DR: Using an international multicenter retrospective database, HMAs in RR-AML were studied for effectiveness and predictors of response and overall survival and the presence of ≤5% circulating blasts and a 10-day schedule of decitabine were associated with improved response rates.
TL;DR: The authors studied the Schrodinger operator with inverse-square potential and showed that the results of these results are consistent with those of multiplier theorems, Littlewood-Paley theory, and Hardy-type inequalities associated with the operator.
Abstract: We study the $$L^p$$
-theory for the Schrodinger operator $$\mathcal L_a$$
with inverse-square potential $$a|x|^{-2}$$
. Our main result describes when $$L^p$$
-based Sobolev spaces defined in terms of the operator $$(\mathcal L_a)^{s/2}$$
agree with those defined via $$(-\Delta )^{s/2}$$
. We consider all regularities $$0
TL;DR: The use of automated surgeon-operated image analysis software to evaluate 3D glenoid anatomy eliminates interobserver and intraobserver discrepancies, improves the accuracy of preoperative planning for shoulder replacement, and offers a potential gain of time for the surgeon.
Abstract: Background:Preoperative computed tomography (CT) measurements of glenoid version and inclination are recommended for planning glenoid implantation in shoulder arthroplasty. However, current manual or semi-automated 2-dimensional (2D) and 3-dimensional (3D) methods are user-dependent and time-consumi
TL;DR: PF-00547659 was pharmacologically active, as shown by a sustained dose-related decrease in soluble MAdCAM and a dose- related increase in circulating β7+ central memory T cells and the remission rate was greater in patients with higher baseline C reactive protein.
Abstract: Objective This phase II, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of PF-00547659, a fully human monoclonal antibody that binds to human mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule (MAdCAM) to selectively reduce lymphocyte homing to the intestinal tract, in patients with moderate-to-severe Crohn’s disease (CD). Design Eligible adults were aged 18–75 years, with active moderate-to-severe CD (Crohn’s Disease Activity Index (CDAI) 220–450), a history of failure or intolerance to antitumour necrosis factor and/or immunosuppressive agents, high-sensitivity C reactive protein >3.0 mg/L and ulcers on colonoscopy. Patients were randomised to PF-00547659 22.5 mg, 75 mg or 225 mg or placebo. The primary endpoint was CDAI 70-point decrease from baseline (CDAI-70) at week 8 or 12. Results In all, 265 patients were eligible for study entry. Although CDAI-70 response was not significantly different with placebo versus PF-00547659 treatment at weeks 8 or 12, remission rate was greater in patients with higher baseline C reactive protein (>5 mg/L vs >18.8 mg/L, respectively). Soluble MAdCAM decreased significantly from baseline to week 2 in a dose-related manner and remained low during the study in PF-00547659-treated patients. Circulating β 7 + CD4+ central memory T-lymphocytes increased at weeks 8 and 12 with PF-00547659 treatment. No safety signal was seen. Conclusions Clinical endpoint differences between PF-00547659 and placebo did not reach statistical significance in patients with moderate-to-severe CD. PF-00547659 was pharmacologically active, as shown by a sustained dose-related decrease in soluble MAdCAM and a dose-related increase in circulating β 7 + central memory T cells. Trial registration number NCT01276509; Results.
TL;DR: It is argued that LSMPAs are an important component of a diversified management portfolio that tempers potential losses, hedges against uncertainty, and enhances the probability of achieving sustainably managed oceans.
Abstract: Designated large-scale marine protected areas (LSMPAs, 100,000 or more square kilometers) constitute over two-thirds of the approximately 6.6% of the ocean and approximately 14.5% of the exclusive economic zones within marine protected areas. Although LSMPAs have received support among scientists and conservation bodies for wilderness protection, regional ecological connectivity, and improving resilience to climate change, there are also concerns. We identified 10 common criticisms of LSMPAs along three themes: (1) placement, governance, and management; (2) political expediency; and (3) social–ecological value and cost. Through critical evaluation of scientific evidence, we discuss the value, achievements, challenges, and potential of LSMPAs in these arenas. We conclude that although some criticisms are valid and need addressing, none pertain exclusively to LSMPAs, and many involve challenges ubiquitous in management. We argue that LSMPAs are an important component of a diversified management portfolio that tempers potential losses, hedges against uncertainty, and enhances the probability of achieving sustainably managed oceans.
ETH Zurich1, ASTRON2, Centre national de la recherche scientifique3, University of Grenoble4, European Southern Observatory5, Kiepenheuer Institut für Sonnenphysik6, University of Amsterdam7, Paris Diderot University8, Leiden University9, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis10, INAF11, Max Planck Society12, Aix-Marseille University13, University of Chile14, University of Lyon15, University of Geneva16
TL;DR: The Zurich Imaging Polarimeter (ZIMPOL) as discussed by the authors, the visual focal plane subsystem of SPHERE, is an AO instrument for high resolution and high contrast observations at the VLT.
Abstract: Context . The SPHERE “planet finder” is an extreme adaptive optics (AO) instrument for high resolution and high contrast observations at the Very Large Telescope (VLT). We describe the Zurich Imaging Polarimeter (ZIMPOL), the visual focal plane subsystem of SPHERE, which pushes the limits of current AO systems to shorter wavelengths, higher spatial resolution, and much improved polarimetric performance.Aims . We present a detailed characterization of SPHERE/ZIMPOL which should be useful for an optimal planning of observations and for improving the data reduction and calibration. We aim to provide new benchmarks for the performance of high contrast instruments, in particular for polarimetric differential imaging.Methods . We have analyzed SPHERE/ZIMPOL point spread functions (PSFs) and measure the normalized peak surface brightness, the encircled energy, and the full width half maximum (FWHM) for different wavelengths, atmospheric conditions, star brightness, and instrument modes. Coronagraphic images are described and the peak flux attenuation and the off-axis flux transmission are determined. Simultaneous images of the coronagraphic focal plane and the pupil plane are analyzed and the suppression of the diffraction rings by the pupil stop is investigated. We compared the performance at small separation for different coronagraphs with tests for the binary α Hyi with a separation of 92 mas and a contrast of Δm ≈ 6m . For the polarimetric mode we made the instrument calibrations using zero polarization and high polarization standard stars and here we give a recipe for the absolute calibration of polarimetric data. The data show small ( . SPHERE/ZIMPOL reaches routinely an angular resolution (FWHM) of 22−28 mas, and a normalized peak surface brightness of SB0 − m star ≈ −6.5m arcsec−2 for the V -, R - and I -band. The AO performance is worse for mediocre ≳1.0″ seeing conditions, faint stars m R ≳ 9m , or in the presence of the “low wind” effect (telescope seeing). The coronagraphs are effective in attenuating the PSF peak by factors of > 100, and the suppression of the diffracted light improves the contrast performance by a factor of approximately two in the separation range 0.06″−0.20″. The polarimetric sensitivity is Δp ≈ 0.1%. The contrast limits for differential polarimetric imaging for the 400 s I -band data of R Aqr at a separation of ρ = 0.86″ are for the surface brightness contrast SBpol ( ρ )−m star ≈ 8m arcsec−2 and for the point source contrast m pol ( ρ )−m star ≈ 15m and much lower limits are achievable with deeper observations.Conclusions . SPHERE/ZIMPOL achieves imaging performances in the visual range with unprecedented characteristics, in particular very high spatial resolution and very high polarimetric contrast. This instrument opens up many new research opportunities for the detailed investigation of circumstellar dust, in scattered and therefore polarized light, for the investigation of faint companions, and for the mapping of circumstellar Hα emission.
TL;DR: In this article, a comparative analysis of the economic positions of seven radical right-wing populist parties in Western Europe is presented, showing that they share similarities in economic nativism, authoritarianism and populism, whilst their positions on the traditional role of the state in the economy are more diverse.
Abstract: This paper engages in a comparative analysis of the economic positions of radical right‐wing populist parties in Western Europe. Following Ennser‐Jedenastik (2016), we argue that those parties' political economy is best captured in terms of the nativist, populist and authoritarian features of their core ideology, each of which produces a specific set of economic policies independent from the issue of government intervention in the economy. On basis of an analysis of the election manifestos of seven radical right‐wing populist parties in Western Europe in the period 2005‐2015, we argue that those parties share similarities in their economic nativism, authoritarianism and populism, whilst their positions on the traditional role of the state in the economy are more diverse. The findings indicate also a unified ‘nativist’ response to the global financial crisis both in terms of welfare chauvinism and economic protectionism. We discuss the role of internal and external factors in explaining the economic profile of radical right‐wing populist parties.
TL;DR: It is recommended that intestinal failure associated liver disease (IFALD) should be diagnosed by the presence of abnormal liver function tests and/or evidence of radiological and/ or histological liver abnormalities occurring in an individual with IF, in the absence of another primary parenchymal liver pathology.
TL;DR: In mice, LIPA inhibition caused defective clearance of apoptotic lymphocytes and stressed erythrocytes by hepatic and splenic macrophages, culminating in splenomegaly andsplenic iron accumulation under hypercholesterolemia.
Abstract: Rationale: Macrophages face a substantial amount of cholesterol following the ingestion of apoptotic cells and the lysosomal acid lipase (LIPA) has a major role in hydrolyzing cholesteryl esters in the endocytic compartment.
Objective: Here, we directly investigated the role of LIPA-mediated clearance of apoptotic cells both in vitro and in vivo. Methods and Results: We show that LIPA inhibition causes a defective efferocytic response due to impaired generation of 25-OHC and 27-OHC. Reduced synthesis of 25-OHC after LIPA inhibition contributed to defective mitochondria associated membrane (MAM) leading to mitochondrial oxidative stress-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and caspase 1-dependent Rac1 degradation. A secondary event consisting of failure to appropriately activate liver X receptor-mediated pathways led to mitigation of cholesterol efflux and apoptotic cell clearance. In mice, LIPA inhibition caused defective clearance of apoptotic lymphocytes and stressed erythrocytes by hepatic and splenic macrophages, culminating in splenomegaly and splenic iron accumulation under hypercholesterolemia. Conclusions: Our findings position lysosomal cholesterol hydrolysis as a critical process that prevents metabolic inflammation by enabling efficient macrophage apoptotic cell clearance.
TL;DR: A review of the evolution of palaeomagnetic directions and sequence of tectonic events in the European Variscan belt during Late Palaeozoic times is provided in this paper.