Journal ArticleDOI
Microbiota: a key orchestrator of cancer therapy.
Soumen Roy,Giorgio Trinchieri +1 more
TLDR
The evidence for the ability of the microbiota to modulate chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy is discussed with a focus on the microbial species involved, their mechanism of action and the possibility of targeting the microbiome to improve anticancer efficacy while preventing toxicity.Abstract:
The microbiota is composed of commensal bacteria and other microorganisms that live on the epithelial barriers of the host. The commensal microbiota is important for the health and survival of the organism. Microbiota influences physiological functions from the maintenance of barrier homeostasis locally to the regulation of metabolism, haematopoiesis, inflammation, immunity and other functions systemically. The microbiota is also involved in the initiation, progression and dissemination of cancer both at epithelial barriers and in sterile tissues. Recently, it has become evident that microbiota, and particularly the gut microbiota, modulates the response to cancer therapy and susceptibility to toxic side effects. In this Review, we discuss the evidence for the ability of the microbiota to modulate chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy with a focus on the microbial species involved, their mechanism of action and the possibility of targeting the microbiota to improve anticancer efficacy while preventing toxicity.read more
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NF-κB, inflammation, immunity and cancer: coming of age
Koji Taniguchi,Michael Karin +1 more
TL;DR: How the initial discovery of a role for NF-κB in linking inflammation and cancer led to an improved understanding of tumour-elicited inflammation and its effects on anticancer immunity is discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Development of tumor mutation burden as an immunotherapy biomarker: utility for the oncology clinic
Timothy A. Chan,Mark Yarchoan,Elizabeth M. Jaffee,Charles Swanton,Sergio A. Quezada,Albrecht Stenzinger,Solange Peters +6 more
TL;DR: TMB, in concert with PD-L1 expression, has been demonstrated to be a useful biomarker for ICB selection across some cancer types; however, further prospective validation studies are required.
Journal ArticleDOI
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)-Based Nanomedicine.
Bowen Yang,Yu Chen,Jianlin Shi +2 more
TL;DR: In this article, the intrinsic biochemical properties of reactive oxygen species (ROS) underlie the mechanisms that regulate various physiological functions of living organisms, and they play an essential role in regulating various physiological function.
Journal ArticleDOI
Targeting macrophages: therapeutic approaches in cancer.
TL;DR: The state of the art of TAM-targeting strategies is evaluated, focusing on the limitations and potential side effects of the different therapies such as toxicity, rebound effects and compensatory mechanisms.
Journal ArticleDOI
Enhancing cancer immunotherapy using antiangiogenics: opportunities and challenges.
TL;DR: The roles of VEGF and ANG2 are outlined, and ways that antiangiogenic agents can be combined with immune-checkpoint inhibitors to potentially improve patient outcomes are suggested, and avenues of future research are highlighted.
References
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Lawrence A. David,Corinne F. Maurice,Rachel N. Carmody,David B. Gootenberg,Julie E. Button,Benjamin E. Wolfe,Alisha V. Ling,A. Sloan Devlin,Yug Varma,Michael A. Fischbach,Sudha B. Biddinger,Rachel J. Dutton,Peter J. Turnbaugh +12 more
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Cancer drug resistance: an evolving paradigm
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The future of immune checkpoint therapy
Padmanee Sharma,James P. Allison +1 more
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