Robustness of gut microbiota of healthy adults in response to probiotic intervention revealed by high-throughput pyrosequencing
Seok Won Kim,Wataru Suda,Sangwan Kim,Kenshiro Oshima,Shinji Fukuda,Shinji Fukuda,Hiroshi Ohno,Hidetoshi Morita,Masahira Hattori +8 more
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Investigating effects of probiotics on human intestinal microbiota using 454 pyrosequencing of bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA genes with an improved quantitative accuracy suggests robustness of the gut microbiota composition in healthy adults on probiotic administration.Abstract:
Probiotics are live microorganisms that potentially confer beneficial outcomes to host by modulating gut microbiota in the intestine. The aim of this study was to comprehensively investigate effects of probiotics on human intestinal microbiota using 454 pyrosequencing of bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA genes with an improved quantitative accuracy for evaluation of the bacterial composition. We obtained 158 faecal samples from 18 healthy adult Japanese who were subjected to intervention with 6 commercially available probiotics containing either Bifidobacterium or Lactobacillus strains. We then analysed and compared bacterial composition of the faecal samples collected before, during, and after probiotic intervention by Operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and UniFrac distances. The results showed no significant changes in the overall structure of gut microbiota in the samples with and without probiotic administration regardless of groups and types of the probiotics used. We noticed that 32 OTUs (2.7% of all analysed OTUs) assigned to the indigenous species showed a significant increase or decrease of � 10-fold or a quantity difference in >150 reads on probiotic administration. Such OTUs were found to be individual specific and tend to be unevenly distributed in the subjects. These data, thus, suggest robustness of the gut microbiota composition in healthy adults on probiotic administration.read more
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Commensal microbe-derived butyrate induces the differentiation of colonic regulatory T cells
Yukihiro Furusawa,Yuuki Obata,Shinji Fukuda,Takaho A. Endo,Gaku Nakato,Daisuke Takahashi,Yumiko Nakanishi,Chikako Uetake,Keiko Kato,Tamotsu Kato,Masumi Takahashi,Noriko N. Fukuda,Shinnosuke Murakami,Eiji Miyauchi,Shingo Hino,Koji Atarashi,Satoshi Onawa,Yumiko Fujimura,Trevor Lockett,Julie M. Clarke,David L. Topping,Masaru Tomita,Shohei Hori,Osamu Ohara,Tatsuya Morita,Haruhiko Koseki,Jun Kikuchi,Kenya Honda,Koji Hase,Hiroshi Ohno +29 more
TL;DR: It is shown that a large bowel microbial fermentation product, butyrate, induces the differentiation of colonic Treg cells in mice and ameliorated the development of colitis induced by adoptive transfer of CD4+ CD45RBhi T cells in Rag1−/− mice.
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TL;DR: Using a rational approach to isolate CD4+FOXP3+ regulatory T (Treg)-cell-inducing bacterial strains from the human indigenous microbiota may allow for tailored therapeutic manipulation of human immune disorders.
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TL;DR: Depletion of FOXP3hi Treg cells from tumor tissues, which would augment antitumor immunity, could thus be used as an effective treatment strategy for CRCs and other cancers, whereas strategies that locally increase the population ofFOXP3lo non-Treg cells could be used to suppress or prevent tumor formation.
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Dysbiosis in the gut microbiota of patients with multiple sclerosis, with a striking depletion of species belonging to clostridia XIVa and IV clusters
Sachiko Miyake,Sangwan Kim,Wataru Suda,Kenshiro Oshima,Masakazu Nakamura,Takako Matsuoka,Norio Chihara,Atsuko Tomita,Wakiro Sato,Seok Won Kim,Hidetoshi Morita,Masahira Hattori,Takashi Yamamura +12 more
TL;DR: Analysis of the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene by using a high-throughput culture-independent pyrosequencing method provided evidence of a moderate dysbiosis in the structure of gut microbiota in patients with MS, and phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that many of the clostridial species associated with MS might be distinct from those broadly associated with autoimmune conditions.
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Core microbiomes for sustainable agroecosystems.
Hirokazu Toju,Hirokazu Toju,Kabir G. Peay,Masato Yamamichi,Kazuhiko Narisawa,Kei Hiruma,Kei Hiruma,Ken Naito,Shinji Fukuda,Masayuki Ushio,Masayuki Ushio,Shinji Nakaoka,Shinji Nakaoka,Yusuke Onoda,Kentaro Yoshida,Kentaro Yoshida,Klaus Schlaeppi,Yang Bai,Ryo Sugiura,Ryo Sugiura,Yasunori Ichihashi,Kiwamu Minamisawa,E. Toby Kiers +22 more
TL;DR: In an era of ecosystem degradation and climate change, maximizing microbial functions in agroecosystems has become a prerequisite for the future of global agriculture, however, managing species-rich communities of plant-associated microbiomes remains a major challenge.
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