The Scourge of Antibiotic Resistance: The Important Role of the Environment
Rita Finley,Peter Collignon,D. G. Joakim Larsson,Scott A. McEwen,Xian-Zhi Li,William H. Gaze,Richard J. Reid-Smith,Mohammed Timinouni,David W. Graham,Edward Topp +9 more
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TLDR
The rapid evolution and spread of "new" antibiotic resistance genes has been enhanced by modern human activity and its influence on the environmental resistome, which highlights the importance of including the role of the environmental vectors, such as bacterial genetic diversity within soil and water, in resistance risk management.Abstract:
Antibiotic resistance and associated genes are ubiquitous and ancient, with most genes that encode resistance in human pathogens having originated in bacteria from the natural environment (eg, β-lactamases and fluoroquinolones resistance genes, such as qnr). The rapid evolution and spread of "new" antibiotic resistance genes has been enhanced by modern human activity and its influence on the environmental resistome. This highlights the importance of including the role of the environmental vectors, such as bacterial genetic diversity within soil and water, in resistance risk management. We need to take more steps to decrease the spread of resistance genes in environmental bacteria into human pathogens, to decrease the spread of resistant bacteria to people and animals via foodstuffs, wastes and water, and to minimize the levels of antibiotics and antibiotic-resistant bacteria introduced into the environment. Reducing this risk must include improved management of waste containing antibiotic residues and antibiotic-resistant microorganisms.read more
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Impacts of multi-year field exposure of agricultural soil to macrolide antibiotics on the abundance of antibiotic resistance genes and selected mobile genetic elements
TL;DR: Exposure of soil to macrolide antibiotics increased the relative abundance of numerous gene targets associated with resistance tomacrolides and other antibiotics, and mobile genetic elements at an exposure dose that is unrealistically high, but did not occur at the lower more realistic exposure dose.
Journal ArticleDOI
Antimicrobial resistance and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis typing of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from shrimp mariculture environment along the east coast of China.
Shu Zhao,Shu Zhao,Licai Ma,Licai Ma,Yuan Wang,Guihong Fu,Junfang Zhou,Xin-Cang Li,Wenhong Fang +8 more
TL;DR: The finding that Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates recovered from shrimp mariculture environment in China exhibited a high rate of resistance to streptomycin, ampicillin, and gentamicin is suggested to suggest the need for the prudent use of antimicrobial agents on mariculture farms, in order to control the dissemination of antim antibiotics.
Posted ContentDOI
What Is the Role of the Environment in the Emergence of Novel Antibiotic Resistance Genes? A Modeling Approach.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors constructed a model framework for resistance emergence and used available quantitative data on relevant processes to identify limiting steps in the appearance of ARGs in human pathogens, and found that in a majority of possible scenarios, the environment would only play a minor role in the emergence of novel ARGs.
Journal ArticleDOI
What is the evidence that point sources of anthropogenic effluent increase antibiotic resistance in the environment? Protocol for a systematic review.
TL;DR: A protocol for a systematic review of the evidence on whether point sources of anthropogenic effluent are associated with an increase in antibiotic resistance in the adjacent environment is described.
Journal ArticleDOI
Detection of the carbapenemase gene bla VIM-5 in members of the Pseudomonas putida group isolated from polluted Nigerian wetlands.
TL;DR: The first report of a carbapenemase gene in bacteria from environmental sources in Nigeria is reported and underscores the role of the Nigerian environment as reservoir of bacteria carrying clinically relevant antibiotic resistance genes.
References
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Antibiotics in the aquatic environment - A review - Part II
TL;DR: This review brings up important questions that are still open, and addresses some significant issues which must be tackled in the future for a better understanding of the behavior of antibiotics in the environment, as well as the risks associated with their occurrence.
Journal ArticleDOI
Antibiotic resistance is ancient
Vanessa M. D'Costa,Christine E. King,Lindsay Kalan,Mariya Morar,Wilson W L Sung,Carsten Schwarz,Duane G. Froese,Grant D. Zazula,Fabrice Calmels,Régis Debruyne,G. Brian Golding,Hendrik N. Poinar,Gerard D. Wright +12 more
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Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance in water environments
TL;DR: Methods to reduce resistant bacterial load in wastewaters, and the amount of antimicrobial agents, in most cases originated in hospitals and farms, include optimization of disinfection procedures and management of wastewater and manure.