Indonesian Institute of Sciences

About: Indonesian Institute of Sciences is a facility organization based out in Jakarta, Indonesia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Biology. The organization has 4795 authors who have published 10544 publications receiving 76990 citations. The organization is also known as: Indonesian Institute of Sciences Cibinong, Indonesia.

Overexpression of OsNAC6 transcription factor from Indonesia rice cultivar enhances drought and salt tolerance

Abstract: Drought is a major constrain in crop production that reduce growth and cause yield loss of up to 70%. Transcription factor plays a major role in cellular regulation and physical changes of plants as a response to stress. A number of transcription factors, such as CBF/DREB, NAC, zinc finger protein are regulators during stress. The Oryza sativa NAC6 (OsNAC6) gene is one of the transcription factor in rice that can regulate gene expression during stress conditions. Thus, pCambia 1305 harboring OsNAC6 chimaeric gene with CaMV 35S promoter was introduced into rice zygotic embryo using Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation to regenerate transgenic rice overexpressing the transgene. As many as 39 putative transgenic lines in which 21 lines possitively harbored hpt gene have been regenerated. The positive identification of hpt in the regenerated transgenic rice indirectly indicated integration of the targeted OsNAC6 since both transgenes were part of the same T-DNA. Further analysis indicated the presence of 1-3 copies of transgene integration in the genome. The expression of OsNAC6 transgene in the transgenic rice line#C.73, C.83 and C.91 were higher than wild typenon-transgenic one. Further analysis indicated those three transgenic lines carrying OsNAC6 transgene exhibited higher tolerance against drought and salinity stresses. Moreover, three known stress-associated regulatory genes (AP2, Zincfinger protein and MYB) were up-regulated in those three transgenic lines. These findings demonstrated that OsNAC6 might be a candidate of stress-responsive NAC regulatory gene that can be used to develop either drought or salt tolerant tolerant transgenic plants.

Depth profiling of weathered tropical wood using Fourier transform infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy

Abstract: Depth profiling analysis of wood samples using Fourier transform infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy (FTIR-PAS) was carried out to obtain information on the chemical changes caused by weathering. The test samples used for PAS measurements were tropical wood species, puspa (Schima wallichii Korth) and kapur (Dryobalanop lanceolata Burck), that were exposed outdoors for periods of 2–32 weeks. FTIR-PAS spectra of the weathered surfaces were recorded at various moving-mirror velocities in the range from 0.081 to 0.56 cm/s (linear-scan method) to provide the depth profiling analysis. The band intensity of vibrations attributed to phenyl groups clearly decreased as weathering proceeded and demonstrated a tendency to be reduced with a decrease in the photoacoustic probing depth during relatively short weathering periods. The bands of C=O groups also exhibited remarkable spectral changes. The PAS spectra of the tropical wood changed considerably during the 32 weeks of weathering, and their spectral contours gradually approached that of pure cellulose (microcrystalline). It was noted that FTIR-PAS is very useful for depth profiling analysis of the wood surface in the early stages of deterioration.

Oxidative cleavage of isoeugenol to vanillin under molecular oxygen catalysed by cobalt porphyrin intercalated into lithium taeniolite clay

Abstract: Three types of Co–porphyrin complexes differing in their porphyrin-ring substituents and nonionic or cationic structure were intercalated into lithium taeniolite (LiTN) using a simple cation exchange method. All the intercalated catalysts displayed expanded clearance spaces (in the range of 0.30–0.51 nm) compared with that of the parent LiTN (0.24 nm). The catalysts were applied for the oxidative cleavage of isoeugenol to vanillin with molecular oxygen as the sole oxidant, and the reaction proceeded effectively under mild reaction conditions. The highest vanillin selectivity of 72% was obtained with CoTPyP/TN, which had the widest clearance space among the three Co–porphyrin catalysts. These intercalated catalysts showed high stability during oxidation, enabling their recycling for at least three runs.

Antioxidant compound from the rhizomes of Kaempferia rotunda L.

Abstract: This research aimed to investigate the antioxidant effect from rhizomes of K. rotunda for finding the active compounds by DPPH free radical scavenging activity assay. The chloroform-soluble extract of the rhizomes of K. rotunda showed significant scavenging effect on the on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals (IC50 = 180 microg mL(-1)). Two compounds of the chloroform-soluble extract were isolated and identified. Compound 1, 2'-hydroxy-4,4',6'-trimethoxy-chalcone was found as the active constituent (IC50 = 142 microg mL(-1)). Compound 2, (+)-crotepoxide, was inactive (IC50 = 1516 microg mL(-1)). The structures of compounds 1 and 2 were identified based on the basis of spectral evidence, Mass Spectrophotometry (MS) and 2D-NMR (2 dimension of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) data including Heteromolecular Multiple Quantum Coherence (HMQC) and Heteromolecular Multiple Bond Correlation (HMBC) and comparison to published values.